International Business Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key area where international business decisions differ from domestic business?

  • Production of goods (correct)
  • Pricing
  • Selection of business partners
  • Timing of market entry

International business is limited to the exchange of tangible products like merchandise.

False (B)

What are the two primary forms of international trade?

Exporting and importing

The procurement of products or services from suppliers located abroad for consumption in the home country is known as _____.

<p>importing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles in international business with their descriptions:

<p>Focal firm = Initiates international business transactions and produces offerings for global consumption Distribution channel intermediary = Provides logistics and marketing services to focal firms, both domestically and internationally Facilitator = Offers specialized support services, such as banking, legal advice, and customs clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'country risk' refer to in the context of international business?

<p>The potential for a company's operations and profitability to be negatively impacted by political, legal, and economic changes in a foreign country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Commercial risk refers to the possibility of a company losing money due to the failure of its own business strategies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor contributing to currency risk in international business?

<p>Fluctuations in exchange rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tendency of companies to deepen their international business activities systematically is known as _____.

<p>internationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of international business?

<p>Participants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Country Risk = The potential for a company's operations and profitability to be negatively impacted by political, legal, and economic changes in a foreign country Currency Risk = The risk of adverse fluctuations in exchange rates Commercial Risk = The firm’s potential loss or failure from poorly developed or executed business strategies, tactics, or procedures Internationalization = The tendency of companies to deepen their international business activities systematically</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a venture that is jointly owned and operated by two or more firms.

<p>joint venture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way that firms penetrate foreign markets?

<p>Acquiring Existing Firms in Foreign Markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balance of payments is a summary of transactions between domestic and foreign residents for a specific country over a specific period of time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of a firm establishing new foreign subsidiaries?

<p>It allows firms to expand their market reach and potentially gain a competitive advantage in new markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the International Flow of Funds for MNCs?

<p>To track the flow of money between countries, allowing them to identify potential investment opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balance of payments can indicate potential shifts in specific exchange rates.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the valuation model for an MNC relevant to both its shareholders and debt holders?

<p>It helps them understand the financial health and potential value of the firm, which is crucial for making investment decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of factor income, as defined in the context of international finance?

<p>Interest and dividend payments on foreign investments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balance of trade is calculated by subtracting total imports from total exports.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of managers when making decisions within a firm?

<p>Maximize shareholder wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

The valuation of a purely domestic firm is typically calculated as the present value of its expected ______.

<p>cash flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trade-related terms with their definitions:

<p>Merchandise exports = Tangible goods transported between countries Service imports = Provision of services to customers based in other countries Balance of trade = Difference between total exports and imports Factor income = Income received on foreign investments in financial assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can negatively impact the return on investments in foreign securities due to currency fluctuations?

<p>Strengthening of the home currency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country's government imposing a tax on imported goods can increase the prices of domestic goods to consumers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a weak home currency may NOT be a perfect solution to a balance-of-trade deficit?

<p>Counter-pricing by competitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lack of restrictions on ______ in a country can negatively impact international trade flows.

<p>piracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with the impact they have on international trade:

<p>Government subsidies to domestic exporters = Increased demand for domestic goods in foreign markets Restrictions on imports (tariffs) = Increased prices for imported goods Prearranged international transactions = Limited flexibility in adjusting to currency fluctuations Weak home currency = Increased attractiveness of domestic goods to foreign customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balance-of-trade deficit is always a negative indicator for a country's economy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can limit the effectiveness of a weak home currency in boosting exports?

<p>Increased domestic demand for imported goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a balance-of-trade deficit can lead to a transfer of jobs to foreign countries.

<p>A balance-of-trade deficit implies that a country is buying more goods from foreign countries than it is selling to them. This increased reliance on foreign production can lead to job losses in domestic industries as consumers choose cheaper imported products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a lender in a financial institution?

<p>An individual who borrows money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The product cycle theory suggests that firms initially establish themselves in the domestic market due to a perceived advantage over competitors.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between stocks and bonds?

<p>Stocks represent ownership shares in a company, while bonds are a form of debt that the issuing entity promises to repay at some point in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sum of the products of cash flows denominated in each currency j times the expected exchange rate at the end of period t represents the _______ for the MNC.

<p>expected dollar value of cash flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

International trade is a highly aggressive approach to expanding a firm's market reach.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to imperfect market conditions in international trade?

<p>The existence of restrictions and costs related to the movement of labor and resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'product cycle theory' in explaining the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs)?

<p>The theory suggests that MNCs rise from a firm's initial home market success, gaining a foothold due to perceived advantages, and subsequently expanding internationally as the product matures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Country Risk

The potential adverse effects on business from political, legal, and economic changes in a foreign country.

Currency Risk

Risk of negative fluctuations in exchange rates affecting international transactions.

Globalization

The trend of increasing economic interconnectedness among nations.

Internationalization

The process of deepening international business activities of firms.

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Commercial Risk

The potential loss from poorly executed business strategies or decisions.

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Political Risk

Risk associated with adverse government actions affecting business operations.

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International Trade

The exchange of goods and services across international borders.

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International Investment

Investment made by firms in foreign countries.

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Franchising

A business model obligating a firm to provide support in exchange for fees.

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Joint Venture

A business arrangement where two or more firms jointly own and operate a venture.

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International Flow of Funds

The movement of money across countries through transactions.

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Balance of Payments

A summary of transactions between domestic and foreign residents.

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Current Account

A part of the balance of payments summarizing the flow of goods and services.

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Establishing New Foreign Subsidiaries

Setting up operations in foreign countries to sell products.

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Financial Managers of MNCs

Individuals who oversee the balance of payments to manage international transactions.

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Valuation Model for an MNC

The method of determining the value of a multinational corporation.

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Lender

An organization or individual that borrows money from financial institutions.

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Comparative Cost Advantage

The benefit a firm has when it can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than competitors.

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Product Cycle Theory

A theory explaining how firms evolve into multinational corporations (MNCs) based on market advantages.

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Capital

The financial resources a bank uses to ensure creditors are covered if it liquidates assets.

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Funds

All financial resources of a firm, including cash, bank balances, and accounts receivable.

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Stocks vs Bonds

Stocks are ownership shares in a company, while bonds are debts that must be repaid.

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Licensing

A legal permission for a firm to use another's technology in exchange for fees or royalties.

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Exporting

Selling products or services from the home country to customers abroad.

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Importing

Procurement of products or services from abroad for local consumption.

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Focal Firm

The initiator in international business, designing and producing offerings.

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Distribution Channel Intermediary

A specialist firm providing logistics and marketing services for focal firms.

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Global Sourcing

Procurement of products or services from suppliers located abroad.

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Financial Institution

A company engaged in financial transactions, supporting international business.

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Tariff

A tax imposed on imported goods, making them more expensive.

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Balance-of-Trade Deficit

When a country imports more than it exports, potentially affecting jobs.

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Weak Home Currency

A currency that has depreciated, making exports cheaper but imports more expensive.

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Counter-pricing

When competitors lower prices in response to a currency's depreciation.

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Foreign Investment Motivation

Investors may be drawn to a country if its currency is expected to strengthen.

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Piracy Restrictions

The absence of laws against piracy impacting international trade flows.

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Prearranged Transactions

International trade agreements made in advance that cannot be easily altered.

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Intra-company Trade

Trade transactions that occur within the same company across borders.

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Valuation of Domestic Firms

The process to determine the value of a firm that only operates within one country, based on its expected cash flows.

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Balance of Trade

The difference between a country's total exports and total imports.

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Factor Income

Income received from foreign investments, including interest and dividends.

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Merchandise Exports

Tangible goods sold to other countries, such as electronics and clothing.

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Service Exports

Intangible services provided to foreign customers, like consulting or tourism.

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Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)

The average rate of return required by all of a company's investors, used as the discount rate.

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Expected Dollar Cash Flows

Forecasted cash inflows expressed in US dollars from foreign operations or investments.

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Subsidies for Exports

Financial support from the government to firms that export goods to international markets.

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Study Notes

International Business and Trade

  • International business and trade involves transactions across national borders, aiming to satisfy individual, company, and organizational objectives.
  • Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a company's physical investment in a foreign country's facilities. This involves building or acquiring facilities, intending to take advantage of cost benefits (cheaper labor, tax exemptions, etc.).
  • Globalization is the process by which businesses develop international influence or operate internationally.
  • International business encompasses the overall performance of trade and investment activities across borders. This involves six major dimensions.
  • International trade involves merchandise and service exchanges across national borders, including exporting and importing.

International Business Risks

  • Cross-cultural risk occurs when cultural differences lead to misunderstandings regarding values, customs, etc.
  • Country risk (or political risk) is adverse effects on international business from political, legal, and economic developments in a foreign country. This includes government intervention in businesses.

Internationalization

  • Currency risk arises from fluctuating exchange rates, impacting transactions conducted in multiple currencies.
  • Commercial risk involves failures due to flawed business strategies, tactics, or procedures in international operations. This can be choices in partners, timing, pricing, etc..
  • Focal firms are international business transaction initiators. They conceptualize, design and produce goods for worldwide consumption.

Participants in International Business

  • Distribution channel intermediaries provide services like logistics and marketing. This occurs within both the home country and foreign locations.
  • Facilitators offer expertise such as banking, legal advice, or customs clearance. These entities support international operations.

International Business Motives

  • Firms internationalize for strategic growth into new markets or to acquire knowledge.
  • They also pursue motives like serving key customers overseas, proximity to resource suppliers, economies of scale for production, or international competition.

Managing an MNC

  • Agency problems arise when MNC managers make decisions that conflict with maximizing shareholder wealth. Parent control to oversee subsidiaries and employee compensation plans can help.
  • Corporate controls help minimize problems from managers making poor decisions. These controls can be implemented in MNCs.

International Trade Theories

  • Product Cycle Theory suggests that firms establish themselves in their home markets first, and then expand to other regions based on new product development and competitive insights that are better understood first locally.

International Trade Policies

  • Subsidies for exporters help local firms compete globally or receive better market access.
  • Restrictions on imports can limit competitors for industries, but can make imported goods more expensive to consumers.
  • Lack of restrictions on piracy can create market access challenges, especially for IP owners.

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