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Questions and Answers
What benefit arises from distributing an enhanced pool of goods and services amongst nations?
What benefit arises from distributing an enhanced pool of goods and services amongst nations?
What is one key advantage of international expansion for firms with excess production capacity?
What is one key advantage of international expansion for firms with excess production capacity?
How does larger scale production benefit firms that expand internationally?
How does larger scale production benefit firms that expand internationally?
What challenge do firms face when domestic demand for their products saturates?
What challenge do firms face when domestic demand for their products saturates?
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What is the primary driver for firms to establish an international business vision?
What is the primary driver for firms to establish an international business vision?
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What does the term 'modes of entry into international business' refer to?
What does the term 'modes of entry into international business' refer to?
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What might be an outcome of companies planning for overseas expansion?
What might be an outcome of companies planning for overseas expansion?
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Which factor is essential for firms facing tough domestic market conditions to consider?
Which factor is essential for firms facing tough domestic market conditions to consider?
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What is required for customs clearance of goods imported into India?
What is required for customs clearance of goods imported into India?
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What type of documentary bill of exchange allows for the handover of documents only upon payment?
What type of documentary bill of exchange allows for the handover of documents only upon payment?
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What does the shipping company issue instead of endorsing the bill of lading in some cases?
What does the shipping company issue instead of endorsing the bill of lading in some cases?
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What must the importer do before taking possession of the goods?
What must the importer do before taking possession of the goods?
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What role do C&F agents play in the customs clearance process?
What role do C&F agents play in the customs clearance process?
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What is the retirement of import documents?
What is the retirement of import documents?
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Why is customs clearance considered a tedious process?
Why is customs clearance considered a tedious process?
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What is an endorsement on the back of the bill of lading?
What is an endorsement on the back of the bill of lading?
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What is a primary disadvantage for international firms compared to local companies?
What is a primary disadvantage for international firms compared to local companies?
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What complicates decision-making in international business?
What complicates decision-making in international business?
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What is the most common initial step for firms entering international business?
What is the most common initial step for firms entering international business?
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What is one of the forms contract manufacturing can take?
What is one of the forms contract manufacturing can take?
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How does customer heterogeneity affect international markets?
How does customer heterogeneity affect international markets?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of contract manufacturing?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of contract manufacturing?
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What is one reason for the less mobility of production factors between countries?
What is one reason for the less mobility of production factors between countries?
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Why do international firms prefer to use local producers for contracts?
Why do international firms prefer to use local producers for contracts?
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Why is it important for firms to adapt their marketing strategies in international business?
Why is it important for firms to adapt their marketing strategies in international business?
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What characteristic do consumers in developing countries often exhibit due to lower per capita income?
What characteristic do consumers in developing countries often exhibit due to lower per capita income?
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What is a significant advantage of contract manufacturing?
What is a significant advantage of contract manufacturing?
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What do major international companies, like Nike and Reebok, typically do regarding production?
What do major international companies, like Nike and Reebok, typically do regarding production?
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What factor is often less mobile between countries compared to within a country?
What factor is often less mobile between countries compared to within a country?
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What should businesses be aware of when operating internationally?
What should businesses be aware of when operating internationally?
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How does exporting differ from contract manufacturing?
How does exporting differ from contract manufacturing?
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What is the function of the 'Landing and Shipping Dues Office' in the import process?
What is the function of the 'Landing and Shipping Dues Office' in the import process?
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In terms of international markets, what is a common misconception about consumer behavior?
In terms of international markets, what is a common misconception about consumer behavior?
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Which document must be submitted to obtain the port trust dues receipt?
Which document must be submitted to obtain the port trust dues receipt?
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What is the purpose of the bill of entry in the customs process?
What is the purpose of the bill of entry in the customs process?
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After paying dock charges, what document is given to the importer?
After paying dock charges, what document is given to the importer?
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What information is typically included in a proforma invoice?
What information is typically included in a proforma invoice?
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What does an import order or indent specify?
What does an import order or indent specify?
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What role does the examiner play in the import process?
What role does the examiner play in the import process?
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How does a letter of credit function in international trade?
How does a letter of credit function in international trade?
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What is often mistakenly equated with international business?
What is often mistakenly equated with international business?
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the differences in productivity levels among countries?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the differences in productivity levels among countries?
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What recent developments have expanded the scope of international business?
What recent developments have expanded the scope of international business?
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Why do countries find it advantageous to trade goods and services?
Why do countries find it advantageous to trade goods and services?
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What has been a significant outcome of companies increasing investments in foreign countries?
What has been a significant outcome of companies increasing investments in foreign countries?
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What does the unequal distribution of natural resources among countries lead to?
What does the unequal distribution of natural resources among countries lead to?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of international trade?
Which of the following is NOT a component of international trade?
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What role does labor productivity play in international business?
What role does labor productivity play in international business?
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Flashcards
International Business
International Business
Activities related to producing and trading goods and services across national borders, including trade, foreign investment, and overseas production.
International Trade
International Trade
Buying and selling goods and services across international borders.
Factors of Production
Factors of Production
Resources needed to produce goods and services; includes resources like labor, capital, raw materials, and intellectual property.
Unequal Distribution of Resources
Unequal Distribution of Resources
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Comparative Advantage
Comparative Advantage
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Foreign Investment
Foreign Investment
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Overseas Production
Overseas Production
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Labor Productivity
Labor Productivity
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International Business Challenges
International Business Challenges
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Value System Consistency
Value System Consistency
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Stakeholder Aspirations
Stakeholder Aspirations
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Factor Mobility Issues
Factor Mobility Issues
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International Customer Diversity
International Customer Diversity
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Price Sensitivity in Developing Countries
Price Sensitivity in Developing Countries
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International Business Adaptations
International Business Adaptations
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Complexity of International Decision-Making
Complexity of International Decision-Making
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Profit from International Business
Profit from International Business
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Increased Capacity Utilization
Increased Capacity Utilization
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Economies of Scale
Economies of Scale
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Saturated Domestic Market
Saturated Domestic Market
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International Business Growth
International Business Growth
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Tough Market Conditions
Tough Market Conditions
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Business Vision
Business Vision
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Strategic Advantages
Strategic Advantages
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Documentary Bill of Exchange
Documentary Bill of Exchange
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Documents Against Payment (D/P)
Documents Against Payment (D/P)
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Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)
Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)
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Retirement of Import Documents
Retirement of Import Documents
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Delivery Order
Delivery Order
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Endorsement for Delivery
Endorsement for Delivery
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Customs Clearance
Customs Clearance
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C&F Agent
C&F Agent
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Contract Manufacturing
Contract Manufacturing
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Outsourcing
Outsourcing
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Advantages of Contract Manufacturing - International Firms
Advantages of Contract Manufacturing - International Firms
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Advantages of Contract Manufacturing - Local Producers
Advantages of Contract Manufacturing - Local Producers
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What is a disadvantage of exporting/importing for firms?
What is a disadvantage of exporting/importing for firms?
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Why is exporting/importing the most common initial approach to international business?
Why is exporting/importing the most common initial approach to international business?
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How do international brands like Nike and Reebok utilize contract manufacturing?
How do international brands like Nike and Reebok utilize contract manufacturing?
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What is the main advantage of contract manufacturing?
What is the main advantage of contract manufacturing?
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Import Bill of Entry
Import Bill of Entry
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Trade Enquiry
Trade Enquiry
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Proforma Invoice
Proforma Invoice
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Import Order (Indent)
Import Order (Indent)
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Letter of Credit
Letter of Credit
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Dock Dues
Dock Dues
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Landing and Shipping Dues
Landing and Shipping Dues
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Port Trust Dues
Port Trust Dues
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- State the meaning of International Business
- Distinguish between Internal and International Business
- Discuss the scope of International Business
- Enumerate the benefits of International Business
- Discuss the documents required for import and export transactions
- Identify the incentives and schemes available for international firms
- Discuss the role of different organizations for the promotion of International Business
- List the major international institutions and agreements at the global level for the promotion of international trade and development.
Introduction
- Countries all over the world are undergoing fundamental shifts in how they produce and market goods and services.
- National economies, previously focused on self-reliance, are now increasingly dependent on other countries for various goods and services.
- Increased cross-border trade and investments are leading to a more interconnected global economy.
International Business Meaning
- Domestic or national business is transactions within a country
- International or external business is transactions outside a country's boundaries
Reasons for International Business
- Countries cannot produce all goods and services equally well or cheaply.
- Unequal distribution of natural resources across countries.
- Differences in productivity levels.
- Differences in factors of production (labor, capital, raw materials) and their costs.
- Geographical specialization leads to advantages for certain countries in producing specific goods.
International Business vs Domestic Business
- Nationality of buyers and sellers: International businesses involve buyers and sellers in different countries. Difficulty in communication, values, and customs.
- Nationality of other stakeholders: International businesses involve more diverse stakeholders with varying values and approaches.
- Mobility of factors of production: International movement is restricted compared to domestic movement for labor and capital.
- Customer heterogeneity: International markets are more diverse than domestic markets due to differences in tastes, preferences, and cultures.
- Business systems and practices: Different countries have distinct business systems, cultures and practices.
- Political system and risks: Varying political systems and risks among countries.
- Business regulations and policies: International business requires navigating diverse legal, regulatory, and tax frameworks in multiple countries.
- Currency used in business transactions: Fluctuating exchange rates add complexity to international transactions.
Scope of International Business
- Merchandise exports and imports: Trading tangible goods (exports out of the country, imports into the country).
- Service exports and imports: Trading intangible services (tourism, transportation, banking, consultations, etc.).
- Licensing and franchising: One company permits another to use intellectual property (patents, trademarks, etc.) in return for a fee.
- Foreign investments: Putting funds abroad to make financial returns. Direct investment (acquiring direct ownership) or portfolio investment (purchasing assets like shares).
Benefits of International Business to Countries
- Earning foreign exchange: Gaining foreign currency for importing needed resources.
- Efficient use of resources: Concentrate on producing items that are most efficient and trade for others.
- Growth prospects and employment: Expand production, increase available jobs.
- Increased standard of living: Access to greater variety of goods and services.
Benefits of International Business to Firms
- Prospects for higher profits: Leveraging opportunities in global markets with higher prices.
- Increased capacity utilization: Use excess production capacity through overseas markets.
- Growth prospects: Increased sales.
- Competition mitigation: International expansion to offset domestic competition.
Modes of Entry for International Business
- Exporting/importing (direct/indirect): The simplest form of international business.
- Contract manufacturing: Local producers in a new country manufacture goods to the exporting company's specifications.
- Licensing and franchising: Licensing allows use of intellectual property; franchising involves broader business model transfer with more controls.
- Joint ventures: Two or more independent firms collaboratively operate in a new country.
- Wholly-owned subsidiaries: A company acquires or establishes full ownership of a firm in a foreign country.
Export Procedures
- Enquiry and Quotations: Receiving and responding to foreign buyer inquiries.
- Order/Indent: Buyer places order for a specific amount of goods with specific terms and conditions.
- Assessing Importer's Creditworthiness and Guarantee: Checking the reliability of the importer (and securing payment assurance via letter of credit).
- Obtaining Export License: Formal approvals and licenses are secured for exports.
- Pre-shipment Inspection: Conducting quality checks on exported goods to meet the needs of destination country.
- Obtaining Finance (Pre-shipment): Arranging funds for export production/acquisition.
- Producing/Procuring Goods: Production or purchase of the requested materials.
- Packing and Forwarding: Preparing the shipment for export.
- Insurance of Goods: Shipping insurance for potential damage or loss during transit.
- Customs Clearance: Formal clearance for the shipment to exit the country.
- Obtaining Transport: Arranging shipment arrangements/shipping space with carriers.
- Payment of Freight and Issuance of Bill of Lading (or Airway Bill): Payment for transport and receiving cargo shipment documentation.
- Securing Payment: Ensuring payment via letter of credit and other appropriate payment methods.
- Export Documents: Preparing and transmitting the necessary export documents to the foreign buyer/importer
Import Procedure
- Trade Enquiry: Making request for information concerning the export product.
- Obtaining Import Licence: Getting formal permission to import depending on customs regulations.
- Obtaining Foreign Exchange: Securing foreign currency to pay for the import.
- Placing Order/Indent: Providing order and specifics about the goods to required importer.
- Letter of Credit: Buyer arranges financial guarantee (letter of credit) with their bank to ensure payment.
- Arranging for Finance: Setting up finances to meet potential costs from purchasing goods to importing them.
- Shipment Advice: Buyer receives notification of goods shipment.
- Arrival of Goods: Imported products are delivered to their designated destination.
- Customs Clearance & Release of Goods: Final clearance from customs, receiving release order/documentation for cleared goods.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of International Business with this quiz. It covers key concepts such as the distinction between internal and international business, the scope and benefits of international trade, and the necessary documentation for import-export transactions. Test your knowledge on the incentives, major organizations, and agreements that facilitate global commerce.