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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of international trade?
What is the primary focus of international trade?
International business is limited to the exchange of goods and services between countries.
International business is limited to the exchange of goods and services between countries.
False (B)
What activities are included in international business?
What activities are included in international business?
Buying, selling, investing, and producing across national borders.
International business has a __________ scope compared to international trade.
International business has a __________ scope compared to international trade.
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Match the following aspects with international business or international trade:
Match the following aspects with international business or international trade:
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for engaging in international trade?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for engaging in international trade?
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International trade can lead to increased consumer welfare.
International trade can lead to increased consumer welfare.
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International trade helps in bringing __________ products home to the consumer.
International trade helps in bringing __________ products home to the consumer.
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What does the term 'equilibrium' refer to in economics?
What does the term 'equilibrium' refer to in economics?
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Scarcity exists because human wants are greater than the available resources.
Scarcity exists because human wants are greater than the available resources.
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Name one determinant of demand.
Name one determinant of demand.
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The next best alternative that is foregone when a choice is made is known as the ______.
The next best alternative that is foregone when a choice is made is known as the ______.
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Match the economic activities with their definitions:
Match the economic activities with their definitions:
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Which of the following is a determinant of supply?
Which of the following is a determinant of supply?
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An increase in taxes will typically lead to a decrease in the cost of products.
An increase in taxes will typically lead to a decrease in the cost of products.
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What are the two fundamental economic problems?
What are the two fundamental economic problems?
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What does the term 'Immobility of Factors' refer to in international business?
What does the term 'Immobility of Factors' refer to in international business?
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Developed countries dominate international business activities due to their advanced technology and financial resources.
Developed countries dominate international business activities due to their advanced technology and financial resources.
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What is one example of how international business benefits participating countries?
What is one example of how international business benefits participating countries?
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Global markets are characterized by _____ competition, driving businesses to innovate.
Global markets are characterized by _____ competition, driving businesses to innovate.
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Match the following companies with their respective industries:
Match the following companies with their respective industries:
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Which example illustrates the integration of economies through international business?
Which example illustrates the integration of economies through international business?
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The concept of heterogeneous markets suggests that consumer preferences are uniform across different countries.
The concept of heterogeneous markets suggests that consumer preferences are uniform across different countries.
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Give an example of a competitive global market.
Give an example of a competitive global market.
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What is one advantage of international trade that helps with cash-flow management?
What is one advantage of international trade that helps with cash-flow management?
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International trade can help companies avoid intense local competition.
International trade can help companies avoid intense local competition.
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Name one disadvantage of international trade.
Name one disadvantage of international trade.
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International trade allows businesses to focus on producing goods they excel at, leading to greater _____ .
International trade allows businesses to focus on producing goods they excel at, leading to greater _____ .
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Which advantage of international trade involves improving a company's reputation?
Which advantage of international trade involves improving a company's reputation?
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All businesses benefit equally from favorable currency exchange rates.
All businesses benefit equally from favorable currency exchange rates.
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How can international markets help with surplus goods?
How can international markets help with surplus goods?
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Match the following advantages of international trade with their descriptions:
Match the following advantages of international trade with their descriptions:
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What is one advantage of international expansion for businesses?
What is one advantage of international expansion for businesses?
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Operating internationally makes businesses more attractive to foreign investors.
Operating internationally makes businesses more attractive to foreign investors.
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Name one disadvantage of expanding into international markets.
Name one disadvantage of expanding into international markets.
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Global operations make businesses less vulnerable to __________ in a single region.
Global operations make businesses less vulnerable to __________ in a single region.
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Match the disadvantage of international expansion to its description:
Match the disadvantage of international expansion to its description:
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What factor can improve consumer confidence on an international scale?
What factor can improve consumer confidence on an international scale?
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Expanding globally always lowers costs for businesses.
Expanding globally always lowers costs for businesses.
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What impact do political instabilities have on international operations?
What impact do political instabilities have on international operations?
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What role does technology play in international business?
What role does technology play in international business?
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International business is unaffected by political and economic changes.
International business is unaffected by political and economic changes.
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Name one tool that facilitates communication among international teams.
Name one tool that facilitates communication among international teams.
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The removal of trade barriers can be seen in the creation of _____ like ASEAN.
The removal of trade barriers can be seen in the creation of _____ like ASEAN.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of international business expansion?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of international business expansion?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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How do international restrictions affect imported products?
How do international restrictions affect imported products?
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Operating in multiple countries carries no risk for businesses.
Operating in multiple countries carries no risk for businesses.
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Flashcards
International Trade
International Trade
The exchange of goods and services between countries, involving exports and imports.
Exports
Exports
Selling goods or services to other countries.
Imports
Imports
Buying goods or services from other countries.
International Business
International Business
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Differences in Scope
Differences in Scope
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Complexity of International Business
Complexity of International Business
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Economic Growth from Trade
Economic Growth from Trade
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Reason for International Trade
Reason for International Trade
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Increased revenues
Increased revenues
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Decreased competition
Decreased competition
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Longer product lifespan
Longer product lifespan
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Easier cash-flow management
Easier cash-flow management
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Better risk management
Better risk management
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Benefiting from currency exchange
Benefiting from currency exchange
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Access to export financing
Access to export financing
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Enhanced reputation
Enhanced reputation
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Accessing New Talent
Accessing New Talent
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Brand Amplification
Brand Amplification
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Foreign Investment Attraction
Foreign Investment Attraction
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Cost Reduction Benefits
Cost Reduction Benefits
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Market Stability
Market Stability
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Communication Challenges
Communication Challenges
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Logistical Complexity
Logistical Complexity
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Currency Fluctuation Risk
Currency Fluctuation Risk
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Equilibrium
Equilibrium
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Demand Curve Determinants
Demand Curve Determinants
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Scarcity
Scarcity
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Opportunity Cost
Opportunity Cost
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Economic Activities
Economic Activities
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Supply Determinants
Supply Determinants
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Production
Production
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Distribution
Distribution
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Immobility of Factors
Immobility of Factors
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Heterogeneous Markets
Heterogeneous Markets
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Integration of Economies
Integration of Economies
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Dominated by Developed Countries
Dominated by Developed Countries
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Beneficial to Participating Countries
Beneficial to Participating Countries
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Keen Competition
Keen Competition
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Legal Barriers
Legal Barriers
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Economic Interdependence
Economic Interdependence
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Role of Science and Technology
Role of Science and Technology
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Artificial Intelligence in Business
Artificial Intelligence in Business
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Global Connectivity Tools
Global Connectivity Tools
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International Restrictions
International Restrictions
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Sensitivity in International Business
Sensitivity in International Business
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Foreign Trade Policies
Foreign Trade Policies
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Trading Blocs
Trading Blocs
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Advantages of International Expansion
Advantages of International Expansion
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Study Notes
Introduction to International Business and Trade
- The module is titled Introduction to International Business and Trade, CAE 323.
- It is offered by the City of Malabon University.
International Business & Trade
- International Trade: Focuses on the exchange of goods and services between countries. Includes Exports (selling goods/services abroad) and Imports (buying goods/services from other countries).
- International Business: All business activities and transactions that occur across national borders. Includes not only trade but also establishing factories, offices, and partnerships in foreign countries.
Difference Between International Business and International Trade
- Scope: International Business is broader, encompassing trade, investments, joint ventures, and cross-border activities. International Trade is narrower, focused only on the exchange of goods and services.
- Focus: International Business focuses on managing business operations across countries. International Trade focuses solely on importing and exporting.
- Involves: International Business involves activities like franchising, licensing, foreign direct investment, and partnerships. International Trade involves buying (importing) and selling (exporting) goods/services.
- Complexity: International Business is more complex, requiring knowledge of foreign markets, cultures, and legal systems. International Trade is less complex, primarily concerning trade laws and international agreements.
International Trade
- International trade expands markets for countries.
- It exposes countries to goods and services not domestically available.
- Increased competition lowers prices for consumers.
- International trade drives economic growth, progress, consumer welfare through lower prices and wider variety of products.
Reasons of International Trade
- Reduced Dependence on Local Market: Diversifying market base decreases reliance on limited markets.
- Increased Chances of Success: Accessing wider markets and higher demand regions increases likelihood of success for business.
- Increased Efficiency: Global competition pushes businesses to optimize costs and product quality.
- Increased Productivity: Focus on producing goods/services most efficiently through specialization leads to increased productivity.
- Economic Advantage: Countries leverage comparative and absolute advantages by specializing in production areas and trading for other needs.
Reason of International Trade (continued)
- Innovation: Exposure to new ideas and technologies boost innovation.
- Growth: Access to global markets stimulates economic growth by increasing export revenue and attracting foreign investment.
- Uneven Distribution of Resources: Addresses global imbalances by allowing countries to access goods and resources not available locally.
- Division of Labor and Specialization: Countries and businesses specialize in areas of excellence, increasing output efficiency and decreasing production costs.
Advantages of International Trade
- Increased Revenues: Expanding to international markets increases sales and revenue.
- Decreased Competition: Entering new markets allows businesses to escape from intense local competition.
- Longer Product Lifespan: Extending product reach to international markets extends product lifespans even if local demand falters.
- Easier Cash Flow: Exporting to varied countries throughout different economic cycles improves consistent cash flow.
- Better Risk Management: Diversification across multiple markets minimizes risk from economic downturns in specific regions.
Advantages of International Trade (continued)
- Currency Exchange Benefits: Companies benefit from favourable currency exchange rates when exporting.
- Access to Financing: Governments and financial institutions support exporters through loans, grants, and incentives.
- Disposal of Surplus Inventory: Provides access to wider markets to offload excess inventory.
- Enhanced Reputation and Credibility: Becoming a global player improves reputation and attractiveness to investors.
- Specialisation Opportunities: Focusing on specific goods or services where companies excel increases efficiency and productivity.
Disadvantages of International Trade
- Shipping Customs and Duties: High costs, delays, and complex procedures for transporting goods across borders.
- Language Barriers: Communication issues or difficulties in dealing with foreign partners, customers, or suppliers.
- Cultural Differences: Conflicts may arise due to differences in customs, traditions, practices and ways of doing business.
- Servicing Customers: Complicated customer service and support across varied time zones or regions.
- Returning Products: High costs and extensive procedures to return products within various countries and different timelines.
- Intellectual Property Theft: Risks of counterfeiting or unauthorized use of trademarks and patents in global market.
Types of Trade
-
Foreign Trade/International Trade: The exchange of goods and services between two or more nations
-
Local Trade/Domestic Trade: The exchange of goods and services solely within one country (e.g., Philippines).
Importation and Exportation
- Export: Products going out of a country (to be sold overseas).
- Import: Products coming into a country (to be bought).
- Comparative Advantage: The concept of a country exporting where it excels and importing goods it is least efficient at producing.
Supply and Demand
- Supply: The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and can offer at various prices in a specific time period.
- Demand: The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices in a specified time frame.
- Equilibrium: The point where supply and demand intersect, indicating the market price and quantity of goods.
- Competition: The sellers compete in an open market, especially important during international trade.
Demand Curve Determinants
- Event or price expectation
- Change in the number of buyers
- Change in prices of related goods (substitution, complimentary)
- Consumer income changes
- Consumer expectations
Supply Determinants
- Number of sellers
- Cost of production
- Technology changes
- Price expectations (positive/negative)
- Calamities (positive/negative)
- Taxes and subsidies
Economics and Economic Activities
- Scarcity: The fundamental economic problem. Limited resources cannot satisfy unlimited wants.
- Limited Resources: Some examples include land, labour, capital.
- Unlimited Wants: People constantly need and desire goods and services.
- Choice and Opportunity Cost: The next best option that is lost when a decision is made.
- Production: Transforming inputs (raw materials) into finished products.
- Distribution: Allocating products and incomes efficiently.
- Exchange: Buyer-seller transactions in a marketplace.
- Consumption: Using products to attain satisfaction.
Fundamental Economic Problems
- Unlimited Satisfaction: Human desires always exceed what's available.
- Limited Resources: Finite supplies of raw materials, human labour, and capital limit production.
Types of resources
- Man-made resources/Capital resources: Machinery, tools, buildings, computers.
- Human resources: Labor (i.e., farmers, doctors, factory workers)
- Natural resources: Land, water, forests, minerals
Factors Causing Scarcity
- Increase in population
- Increased need for different businesses
- Advancements/expansion in technology
- Unlimited desires/wants
- Illegitimate activities which destroy/reduce resources.
Economic Resources (Factors of Production)
- Land: Natural resources (farmland, minerals, etc.).
- Labor: Human effort (physical/mental) in production.
- Capital: Man-made resources used in production (machinery, tools, etc.).
- Entrepreneurship: The ability to combine and manage other factors of production (taking risks and making decisions).
Types of Income (Labor)
- Wages: Income earned from blue-collar jobs (factory work, construction).
- Salaries: Income earned from white-collar jobs (professions).
International Business
- The trade of goods, services, technology, and capital across national borders on a global scale.
- Includes cross-border transactions, focusing on the production and distribution of products and services.
- International business involves cross-border transactions of goods and services between two or more countries.
- Examples include finance (banking), insurance, and construction.
Importance of International Business
- Increased Competition: Encourages innovation within local markets.
- New Opportunities: Provides access to foreign markets.
- Improved Efficiency and Resource Use: Businesses become more efficient due to use of resources.
- Greater Variety of Goods and Services: International business introduces new and improved offerings to consumers.
Objectives of International Business
- Promote social and cultural exchange among nations.
- Support economic and industrial growth in developing nations
- Promote sustainable resource management
Features of International Business
- Large-Scale Operations: Involves substantial investment in global infrastructure and resources, like Amazon.
- Immobility of Factors: Challenges associated with transferring labor, capital, and natural resources internationally due to legal, cultural, economic barriers.
- Heterogeneous Markets: International markets differ based on consumer needs, income levels, cultures, buying behaviours, and specific requirements .
Features of International Business (continued)
- Integration of Economies: Nations foster interconnectedness through trade, investments, and partnerships.
- Domination by Developed Countries: Advanced technologies, infrastructure, and financial resources often position developed countries as leaders and initiators within international trade practices.
- Beneficial to Participating Countries: Improved economic growth, access to better goods/services, technology transfer, international investments and employment opportunities
- Keen Competition: Businesses compete fiercely for global market share, driving innovation and product development.
- Role of Science & Technology: Advances in technology impact international business—efficiency, communication, logistics.
Features of International Business (continued)
- Sensitive Nature: International business is vulnerable to global changes like geopolitical tensions, inflation, and trade wars.
- Different Policies and Currencies: Managing various regulations, taxes, and currencies among countries is integral to international business management.
Advantages of International Business Expansion
- Reaching new customers
- Spreading business risk
- Accessing new talent
- Amplifying brand presence
- Securing foreign investors
- Lowering costs
- Improved consumer confidence
- Increased immunity to trends
Disadvantages of International Business
- Foreign rules, regulations, and frequent changes
- Difficulties in logistics/supply-chaining across different countries
- Language and time zone issues and potential misunderstandings among international teams
- Currency fluctuations
- Monitoring and managing creditworthiness of diverse clients
- Political instability
- Research and understanding of foreign markets
International Business Approaches
- Ethnocentric: Domestic company strategy becomes the foreign market strategy.
- Polycentric: Company creates different strategies for each foreign market country.
- Regiocentric: Strategizing for identifiable regional market divisions.
- Geocentric: Developing unified global market strategies.
Ethical Issues in International Business
- Employment Practices and Ethics: Child labor issues, fair wages, equal opportunity, and worker safety.
- Human Rights: Worker exploitation, unsafe working conditions, violation of rights.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding and respecting cultural differences.
- Environmental Pollution: Resource depletion, pollution (air, water, soil), and waste management.
- Corruption: Bribery, kickbacks, and money laundering may occur to gain business advantage.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of international business and trade. This quiz covers topics such as the scope of international business, determinants of demand and supply, and the economic principles affecting trade. Challenge yourself with questions on consumer welfare and equilibrium in economics.