International Aid and Poverty Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of a country's Gross Domestic Income (GDI) does the U.N. suggest should be given as foreign aid?

1.2%

0.5%

1.0%

0.7% (correct)

As of the latest data, what percentage of Canada’s GDI is currently dedicated to foreign aid?

0.3% (correct)

0.1%

0.5%

0.7%

What was the estimated percentage of the population living on less than $1.90 per day in 1990?

20.1%

9.2%

36% (correct)

50%

How many people have reportedly climbed out of extreme poverty from 1990 to 2020?

1.2 billion Signup and view all the answers

What year did Canada last reach its closest foreign aid contribution goal of 0.5%?

1986 Signup and view all the answers

What significant milestone did the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues achieve in 2007?

Persuasion of the U.N. to aid indigenous peoples Signup and view all the answers

How many indigenous peoples around the world were historically not represented in the United Nations?

370 million Signup and view all the answers

What primary goals does the United Nations pursue?

Keeping peace, promoting human rights, and fighting poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines?

To influence international policy to ban landmines Signup and view all the answers

How many countries have signed the Ottawa Treaty to ban landmines?

164 Signup and view all the answers

Why do some countries like China and the United States resist signing the Ottawa Treaty?

They view landmines as essential for national defense Signup and view all the answers

What was the main export of Rwanda during and after the Belgian rule?

Coffee Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of international NGOs according to some critics?

They often replace local NGOs and diminish their impact Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Rwanda's exports was coffee by 2006?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What innovative approach did Muhammad Yunus use at the Grameen Bank?

Providing microloans to help start small businesses Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct outcome of the apartheid policies enacted in South Africa?

Segregation of schools based on race Signup and view all the answers

What was the repayment rate for loans given by the Grameen Bank?

99% Signup and view all the answers

What impact did globalization have on income inequality?

It led to an increase in global poverty levels Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the situation in South Africa after WWII?

Only white South Africans were allowed to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Soweto Protests on June 16, 1976?

Protesting against the use of Afrikaans in schools Signup and view all the answers

What significant award did Muhammad Yunus receive for his work with the Grameen Bank?

Nobel Peace Prize Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the response of the South African government to anti-apartheid protests?

They banned protest organizations and jailed leaders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the colonization of South Africa is true?

Multiple European powers contributed to the colonization. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant characteristic of the apartheid system in South Africa?

It classified individuals racially for societal separation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Rwandan Genocide?

To eliminate an ethnic group Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in July 1994 regarding the Rwandan Genocide?

RPF forces seized the capital of Rwanda Signup and view all the answers

What unique characteristic does the term 'gacaca' refer to in the context of Rwandan justice?

Community involvement in the justice process Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome for the Hutus after the genocide?

Around 2 million Hutus fled to Zaire Signup and view all the answers

Which war was a direct result of the aftermath of the Rwandan Genocide?

The First Congo War Signup and view all the answers

What year was the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda established?

1994 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Rwanda's population was female by 2006 post-genocide?

70 Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main challenges faced by Rwanda immediately after the genocide?

Finding justice for the victims Signup and view all the answers

What event is credited as the beginning of the end of apartheid in South Africa?

Soweto Protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the approach of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission established by Nelson Mandela?

To confront the violent past and foster reconciliation Signup and view all the answers

How many black students did the South African government report were killed during the Soweto protests?

168 Signup and view all the answers

What did Archbishop Desmond Tutu refer to Afrikaans as?

The language of the oppressor Signup and view all the answers

What action did the boycott movement advocate for concerning South African goods?

Stop buying South African goods Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Soweto Protests for South Africa in 1961?

Expulsion from the Commonwealth Signup and view all the answers

What do Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) primarily rely on to operate?

Volunteers and charitable donations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations is focused on human rights issues?

Human Rights Watch Signup and view all the answers

What was the population percentage of Hutus in pre-colonization Rwanda?

85% Signup and view all the answers

Who was blamed for the assassination of the Rwandan president on April 6, 1994?

The Tutsis Signup and view all the answers

What role did Brigadier General Romeo Dallaire hold during the Rwandan genocide?

Commander of UN peacekeeping unit Signup and view all the answers

Which group was historically appointed to key positions by colonial powers in Rwanda?

Tutsis Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of colonization on the Tutsi-Hutu relationship?

Reinforcement of traditional hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What was a common method of killing used during the Rwandan genocide?

Hacking with machetes Signup and view all the answers

Why did the United Nations not intervene during the Rwandan genocide?

They were instructed not to help civilians Signup and view all the answers

Which Tutsi group invaded Rwanda in the late 1980s?

Rwandan Patriotic Front Signup and view all the answers

What major event triggered the Rwandan genocide in April 1994?

Downing of the President's plane Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of Tutsis and moderate Hutus killed by July 1994?

800,000 to 1,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Globalization and its Legacies

The study examines the legacies of historical globalization, focusing on specific case studies, including Rwanda and South Africa.

Rwanda - Pre-Colonial

Before the Scramble for Africa, Rwanda had two major indigenous groups: Hutus and Tutsis.
The Hutu population was approximately 85%, while the Tutsi population was 15%.
Traditionally, Tutsis held positions of power, while Hutus were primarily laborers.
Despite a perceived lower social status, the two groups coexisted peacefully.

Rwanda - Colonization

During the Scramble for Africa, Germany colonized Rwanda.
German colonial officials reinforced the existing social hierarchy, favoring the Tutsis.
Tutsis were appointed to key positions, seen as more European.

Rwanda - Post-Colonial

After WWII, most European colonies in Africa, including Rwanda, sought independence.
Belgium granted Rwanda independence in 1962.
A civil war erupted between Hutu and Tutsi groups in Rwanda stemming from contention over who would hold political power.
When the Hutus gained majority governmental power, widespread violence and the Rwandan genocide began.
Many Tutsis fled Rwanda due to the resulting violence.

Rwanda - Post-Genocide

After the Rwandan Genocide (1994), the UN and international community faced significant criticism for their response.
A key issue post-genocide was attempts to achieve reconciliation between the Hutus and Tutsis.
Efforts were made to achieve reconciliation after the genocide, including establishment of Gacaca courts

South Africa - History

In 1652, Dutch colonizers established settlements in South Africa, followed by French, Portuguese, and British involvement.
Each colonial group established their own control over South Africa, resulting in the Indigenous population's displacement.
The imposition of Euro-centric views marginalized Indigenous peoples and Indian immigrants.

South Africa - Apartheid

In response to African and international pressure, South Africa enacted a policy of apartheid.
Apartheid laws strictly segregated South Africans based on their race—White, Asian, Coloured, and Black.
Different races were separated in schools, regions, and job opportunities.
Extensive disparity in economic and social resources resulted.

Apartheid Opposition

Apartheid laws were highly contentious during the 1970s and 1980s.
Various groups fought apartheid through non-violent and violent means.
The government often responded by banning protest organizations and arresting leaders.
Nelson Mandela was one prominent leader of the struggle against apartheid.

Soweto Protests

In 1976, a major protest arose in the Soweto township over the educational system. Black students protested the language of instruction in South African schools switching from English to Afrikaans.

Truth and Reconciliation

In 1996, South Africa established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
The Commission aimed to reconcile the country after the apartheid era.

International Support for Rwanda and South Africa

There were many international organizations and groups that helped support the communities in both countries.

NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)

NGOs address a wide range of global issues through campaigns and philanthropic work.

International Campaign to Ban Landmines

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines was influential in international policy advocating for banning landmines.
The Ottawa Treaty, endorsed by over 160 countries, aims to stop the use and production of landmines.

Global Income Inequality

Globalization has significantly impacted the global income gap.
Globalization has increased the standard of living in some countries and widened the global poverty gap.

Foreign Aid

The UN urges developed countries to provide foreign aid to those less developed to assist them.
The UN calls for 0.7% of the Gross Domestic Income (GDI) in aid to less developed countries.
Very few countries have achieved this ratio, including Canada that is at approximately 0.3%.

Questions and Debate Points

Various questions regarding the impact of historical globalization emerge from the above events.
Relevant debate points focus on the effectiveness, fairness and ethical implications of the events covered.

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Description

Test your knowledge on international aid, poverty statistics, and the role of the United Nations in addressing these issues. This quiz covers significant milestones, goals, and historical data related to global aid and indigenous representation. Perfect for those keen on understanding global socio-economic dynamics.