Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does internal consistency in an argument ensure?
What does internal consistency in an argument ensure?
- That the argument includes complex jargon.
- That the argument contradicts itself.
- That the argument is lengthy.
- That all parts of the reasoning support the conclusion. (correct)
What is one way to manage contradictions in an argument?
What is one way to manage contradictions in an argument?
- Avoiding any form of alternative points of view.
- Countering arguments with alternative points of view. (correct)
- Making the argument as confusing as possible.
- Ignoring alternative viewpoints.
Why is it important to use precise language in constructing arguments?
Why is it important to use precise language in constructing arguments?
- To showcase one's extensive vocabulary.
- To ensure clarity and avoid redundancy. (correct)
- To make the argument longer and more impressive.
- To confuse the audience and make the argument seem more complex.
What does logical consistency in arguments check?
What does logical consistency in arguments check?
What are joint reasons in an argument?
What are joint reasons in an argument?
What is the characteristic of independent reasons?
What is the characteristic of independent reasons?
What do intermediate conclusions help to do in an argument?
What do intermediate conclusions help to do in an argument?
Which of the following describes summative conclusions?
Which of the following describes summative conclusions?
What is a key characteristic of logical conclusions?
What is a key characteristic of logical conclusions?
What should a logical order in an argument NOT do?
What should a logical order in an argument NOT do?
What is an important component of internal consistency?
What is an important component of internal consistency?
In arguments, what should including opposing arguments accomplish?
In arguments, what should including opposing arguments accomplish?
Why is precision important in an argument?
Why is precision important in an argument?
What is the purpose of checking for logical consistency?
What is the purpose of checking for logical consistency?
How do joint reasons function in an argument?
How do joint reasons function in an argument?
What is a key characteristic of independent reasons in an argument?
What is a key characteristic of independent reasons in an argument?
Why use intermediate conclusions?
Why use intermediate conclusions?
What do summative conclusions primarily do?
What do summative conclusions primarily do?
What do logical conclusions include?
What do logical conclusions include?
What is a characteristic of logical order in an argument?
What is a characteristic of logical order in an argument?
What is clarity in the context of structuring arguments?
What is clarity in the context of structuring arguments?
What does consistency refer to in writing?
What does consistency refer to in writing?
Why is structure important in an argument?
Why is structure important in an argument?
What is a significant benefit of including opposing arguments?
What is a significant benefit of including opposing arguments?
What should well-ordered, well-structured arguments do?
What should well-ordered, well-structured arguments do?
Why is it important to recognize an author's conclusion?
Why is it important to recognize an author's conclusion?
What does evaluating logical consistency check for?
What does evaluating logical consistency check for?
In writing an argument, what does precision of langauge accomplish?
In writing an argument, what does precision of langauge accomplish?
What is one way to deal with poor logical order?
What is one way to deal with poor logical order?
Flashcards
Internal consistency in arguments
Internal consistency in arguments
A consistent argument where all parts of the reasoning contribute to the conclusion, without contradictions.
Including opposing arguments
Including opposing arguments
A strong line of reasoning that considers alternative viewpoints, even those contradicting the main argument.
Precision in arguments
Precision in arguments
Careful and exact word choice in well-constructed arguments to ensure clarity and internal consistency.
Logical Consistency
Logical Consistency
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Joint reasons
Joint reasons
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Independent reasons
Independent reasons
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Intermediate Conclusions
Intermediate Conclusions
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Summative Conclusions
Summative Conclusions
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Logical Conclusions
Logical Conclusions
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Logical Order
Logical Order
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Poor Logical Order
Poor Logical Order
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Study Notes
Internal Consistency
- A clear position is presented through a consistent argument where reasoning contributes to the conclusion
- Inconsistencies in an argument make it difficult to follow, leaving the audience uncertain of the author's intent
- Consider alternative points of view, including those that contradict the main argument, to ensure clarity and internal consistency
- Contradictions can be managed by clarifying the intended position, clearly indicating alternative viewpoints, countering arguments, and resolving apparent contradictions
Precision
- Well-constructed arguments and precise word use are vital for internal consistency and clarity
- Unnecessary verbosity can lead to redundancy
- Relative benefits are not the same as making an absolute statement
Logical Consistency
- Reasons should support the conclusion, with the argument needing to add up
- The conclusion that young people should be banned from hanging around the station is not supported by the fact that one set of young people is often found near a station where a murder took place
- The conclusion is not supported because there is no evidence that the young people committed the murder, that other young people would do the same, or that a general ban would prevent future murders
Independent and Joint Reasons
- Independent and joint reasons support an argument, with strength determined by evidentiary credibility and persuasiveness.
- Joint reasons are connected and mutually reinforce each other, requiring each reason to be acceptable for the argument to hold.
- Independent reasons can support a conclusion individually, with one good reason sufficient even if others are discounted
Intermediate Conclusions
- Longer reasoning lines may have sets of reasons supporting the overall conclusion, ordered with similar reasons grouped together.
- Each set of reasons supports an intermediate conclusion.
- Intermediate conclusions support the main reasoning and help structure an argument
Intermediate Conclusions as Reasons
- Intermediate conclusions can have two purposes: summative and to serve as a reason
- Summative conclusions clarify the argument by providing more manageable bites, reinforce the message and remind the audience of the overall argument by organising reasons into logical groups and using a sentence to summarise each set of reasons
- An author may need to establish a solid case for an intermediate conclusion before this can serve as a reason
Summative and Logical Conclusions
- Summative conclusions draw together previous information into an overall summary
- Logical Conclusions
- Deduction based on reasons with judgements drawn from an analysis of the reasons given
- More than simply a summary of the arguments or the evidence
Logical Order
- Reasoning should progress with a clear direction
- A more logical argument can be constructed by:
- Grouping similar points
- Presenting reasons that support the argument first
- Considering opposing reasons
- Poor logical order can be dealt with by ordering the arguments for and against, or as arguments that do or do not support the conclusion
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