Intermolecular Forces

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What is the dominant attraction force between molecules with a molecular dipole moment?

Ion-dipole force

Dipole-dipole force

Dispersion (London) force (correct)

Hydrogen bond

What is the primary reason why water is able to attract both positive and negative ions?

Because of its high molecular mass

As a result of its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Because of its high boiling point

Due to its electric inhomogeneity (correct)

What type of intermolecular force occurs between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule?

Dispersion force

Hydrogen bond

Dipole-dipole force

Ion-dipole force (correct)

Which of the following molecules can exhibit hydrogen bonding?

CH3OH Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction between two non-polar molecules?

Dispersion force Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the dipole moment and the boiling point of a compound?

The boiling point increases with the value of dipole moment Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a molecule that can form hydrogen bonds?

It has a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with lone electron pairs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of molecules that exhibit strong dipole-dipole forces?

High boiling point Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force is weaker than the ion-dipole force?

Dipole-dipole force Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as N, O, or F) interacts with another electronegative atom?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ion-dipole force in action?

Sodium ions dissolved in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrogen bond?

A special, stronger dipole-dipole force Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why no hydrogen bonds can form between molecules of the solution mentioned?

Absence of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a nearby electric field on a polar molecule?

It enhances the existing dipole moment Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the size of a particle and its polarizability?

Smaller particles are less polarizable Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of intermolecular force that arises between nonpolar particles, especially at close distances?

Dispersion force Signup and view all the answers

Why do anions tend to be more polarizable than their parent atoms?

Because they are larger and have more easily distorted electron clouds Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why atoms do not influence each other when they are farther apart than their van der Waals radius?

They are too far apart to interact Signup and view all the answers

Which intermolecular force is responsible for the solubility of methanol in water?

H-bonding between the solute and solvent Signup and view all the answers

Why is the solubility of 1-pentanol in water lower than that of methanol?

The H-bonding between 1-pentanol and water is weaker than that of methanol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of the dual polarity of alcohols?

Alcohols can dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the limited solubility of sodium chloride in methanol?

The ion-dipole forces between sodium chloride and methanol are weak Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the solubility of alcohols in hexane?

All alcohols are miscible with hexane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the solubility of 1-propanol in water?

The H-bonding between the -OH group of 1-propanol and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is more likely to exhibit stronger dispersion forces due to its shape?

Hexane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules has a higher boiling point due to the presence of an additional ─CH2─ group?

CH3CH2OH Signup and view all the answers

Why does CH3CH2OH have a higher boiling point than CH3OH?

Due to the stronger dispersion forces in CH3CH2OH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is more likely to be soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds?

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of molecules has a higher boiling point due to the difference in their molecular shapes?

Hexane and 2,2-dimethylbutane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is more likely to be soluble in hexane due to its nonpolar nature?

CH3CH2OCH3 Signup and view all the answers

Which alcohol, 1-butanol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) or 1,4-butanediol (HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH), is predicted to dissolve more in water?

1-butanol Signup and view all the answers

In which solvent would 1-propanol dissolve more effectively, water or hexane?

Water Signup and view all the answers

For ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), which solvent would weaken the H bonds between ethylene glycol molecules more effectively, hexane or water?