Intermolecular Forces
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Questions and Answers

What is the dominant attraction force between molecules with a molecular dipole moment?

  • Ion-dipole force
  • Dipole-dipole force
  • Dispersion (London) force (correct)
  • Hydrogen bond
  • What is the primary reason why water is able to attract both positive and negative ions?

  • Because of its high molecular mass
  • As a result of its ability to form hydrogen bonds
  • Because of its high boiling point
  • Due to its electric inhomogeneity (correct)
  • What type of intermolecular force occurs between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule?

  • Dispersion force
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Dipole-dipole force
  • Ion-dipole force (correct)
  • Which of the following molecules can exhibit hydrogen bonding?

    <p>CH3OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction between two non-polar molecules?

    <p>Dispersion force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the dipole moment and the boiling point of a compound?

    <p>The boiling point increases with the value of dipole moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a molecule that can form hydrogen bonds?

    <p>It has a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with lone electron pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of molecules that exhibit strong dipole-dipole forces?

    <p>High boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force is weaker than the ion-dipole force?

    <p>Dipole-dipole force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as N, O, or F) interacts with another electronegative atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ion-dipole force in action?

    <p>Sodium ions dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydrogen bond?

    <p>A special, stronger dipole-dipole force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why no hydrogen bonds can form between molecules of the solution mentioned?

    <p>Absence of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a nearby electric field on a polar molecule?

    <p>It enhances the existing dipole moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the size of a particle and its polarizability?

    <p>Smaller particles are less polarizable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of intermolecular force that arises between nonpolar particles, especially at close distances?

    <p>Dispersion force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do anions tend to be more polarizable than their parent atoms?

    <p>Because they are larger and have more easily distorted electron clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why atoms do not influence each other when they are farther apart than their van der Waals radius?

    <p>They are too far apart to interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermolecular force is responsible for the solubility of methanol in water?

    <p>H-bonding between the solute and solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the solubility of 1-pentanol in water lower than that of methanol?

    <p>The H-bonding between 1-pentanol and water is weaker than that of methanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of the dual polarity of alcohols?

    <p>Alcohols can dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the limited solubility of sodium chloride in methanol?

    <p>The ion-dipole forces between sodium chloride and methanol are weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the solubility of alcohols in hexane?

    <p>All alcohols are miscible with hexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the solubility of 1-propanol in water?

    <p>The H-bonding between the -OH group of 1-propanol and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is more likely to exhibit stronger dispersion forces due to its shape?

    <p>Hexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules has a higher boiling point due to the presence of an additional ─CH2─ group?

    <p>CH3CH2OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does CH3CH2OH have a higher boiling point than CH3OH?

    <p>Due to the stronger dispersion forces in CH3CH2OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is more likely to be soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds?

    <p>CH3CH2CH2CH2OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of molecules has a higher boiling point due to the difference in their molecular shapes?

    <p>Hexane and 2,2-dimethylbutane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is more likely to be soluble in hexane due to its nonpolar nature?

    <p>CH3CH2OCH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alcohol, 1-butanol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) or 1,4-butanediol (HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH), is predicted to dissolve more in water?

    <p>1-butanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which solvent would 1-propanol dissolve more effectively, water or hexane?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), which solvent would weaken the H bonds between ethylene glycol molecules more effectively, hexane or water?

    <p>Hexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces form between diethyl ether and ethanol when dissolved in ethanol?

    <p>Dipole-dipole and dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is methanol more soluble in water than 1-propanol?

    <p>Methanol has a polar -OH group that interacts better with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interaction between an ethylene glycol molecule and a water molecule primarily involve?

    <p>H bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

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