Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of intermolecular force is responsible for surface tension in water?
What type of intermolecular force is responsible for surface tension in water?
- Hydrogen bonding (correct)
- Ionic bonding
- London dispersion forces
- Dipole-dipole interactions
How does the boiling point of a solution change compared to the boiling point of the pure solvent?
How does the boiling point of a solution change compared to the boiling point of the pure solvent?
- It decreases due to decreased pressure
- It increases due to the presence of solute particles (correct)
- It fluctuates randomly
- It remains the same regardless of the solute concentration
Which property of water is most critical for its role as a universal solvent?
Which property of water is most critical for its role as a universal solvent?
- Specific heat capacity
- Vapor pressure
- Shape
- Polarity (correct)
In the process of solvation, what term is used to refer to the substance being dissolved?
In the process of solvation, what term is used to refer to the substance being dissolved?
How does the presence of electrolytes affect a solution compared to non-electrolytes?
How does the presence of electrolytes affect a solution compared to non-electrolytes?
Flashcards
Surface Tension in Water
Surface Tension in Water
Hydrogen bonding is the intermolecular force responsible for water's surface tension.
Boiling Point of Solution vs. Solvent
Boiling Point of Solution vs. Solvent
The boiling point of a solution is higher than that of the pure solvent alone.
Water as a Universal Solvent
Water as a Universal Solvent
Water's polarity makes it effective at dissolving many other substances.
What is a Solute?
What is a Solute?
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Electrolytes vs. Non-electrolytes
Electrolytes vs. Non-electrolytes
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Study Notes
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
- Identify intermolecular forces based on molecular geometry
- Correlation between intermolecular forces of attraction and physical properties:
- Boiling point
- Melting point
- Vapor pressure
Properties of Water
- Shape: bent or V-shape
- Polarity: polar molecule
- Surface tension: high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding
- Specific heat capacity: high heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding
Phase Changes of Water
- Energy required for phase changes:
- Melting (solid to liquid)
- Vaporization (liquid to gas)
- Condensation (gas to liquid)
Solvation
- Process of dissolution of a solute in a solvent
- Formation of electrolytes:
- Strong electrolytes: completely dissociate in water
- Weak electrolytes: partially dissociate in water
Electrolytes and Solubility
- Examples of electrolytes:
- Salts (e.g. NaCl)
- Acids (e.g. HCl)
- Bases (e.g. NaOH)
- Solubility: ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
- Factors affecting solubility:
- Nature of the solute and solvent
- Temperature
- Pressure
Measures of Solubility
- Molarity: number of moles of solute per liter of solution
- Percent solutions: concentration of solute as a percentage of the solution
- Dilutions: decreasing the concentration of a solution
Colligative Properties
- Changes in physical properties with solutions:
- Vapor pressure lowering
- Boiling point elevation
- Melting point depression
Beer's Law
- Definition: relationship between the concentration of a solute and the absorbance of light
- Application: used to measure the concentration of a solute
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