39 Questions
What type of reinforcement depends only on the number of responses the organism has to perform?
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
What type of reinforcement occurs only some of the time?
Partial reinforcement
What type of schedule delivers the reinforcer after every set number of responses?
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
What is the pause in responding after delivery of the reinforcer on FR and FI schedules called?
Post-reinforcement pause
What leads to longer pauses in responding according to the text?
Higher ratio
What type of reinforcement has a high and steady rate of responding that completes each ratio requirement?
Ratio run
What is the term for the pause periodically before completion of responses according to the text?
Ratio strain
Which schedule requires an unpredictable number of responses to elicit the reinforcer?
Variable-Ratio Schedule
In which schedule is the reinforcement given if there is a response after a certain amount of time has passed?
Variable-Interval Schedule
Which schedule involves a gradual increase in the rate of responding between each reinforcement?
Fixed-Interval Schedule
Which type of reinforcement schedule involves a restriction on how long the reinforcer remains available?
Limited Hold Interval Schedule
In which schedule do organisms respond more steadily and steadily?
Variable-Ratio Schedule
Which schedule reinforces short inter-response times?
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
Which type of responding is observed in participants tested with stimuli that increasingly differ from the stimulus presented during training?
Stimulus Generalization
What is the precise measure of the degree of stimulus control?
Stimulus Generalization Gradient
Which experiment involved pigeons being reinforced on a Variable-Interval schedule for pecking a key?
Reynolds Experiment
What is the term for differential responding in the presence of two or more stimuli?
Stimulus Discrimination
What is the term for responding in a similar way to two or more stimuli?
Stimulus Generalization
What should be conducted to make the learned therapy as natural as possible and to generalize treatment outcomes to life?
Sequential Modification
What is the recommended approach to enhance extinction of conditioned behavior?
Increase the number of extinction trials and space them apart
How does presenting extinction reminder cues during recovery tests affect the renewal effect?
Reduces renewal effect by reactivating extinction performance
What is the purpose of compounding extinction stimuli?
Reduces reinstatement effect and slows rate of acquisition
When is extinction training recommended to be introduced to depress behavior effectively?
Right after acquisition but before memory consolidation sets in
How does the number and spacing of extinction trials affect spontaneous recovery and renewal?
Closer trials may be better for spontaneous recovery but spaced apart trials are better for renewal
How does reapplication of exposure therapy after each extinction test session affect spontaneous recovery?
Spontaneous recovery occurs to a lesser extent with each extinction test session
How does conducting extinction in multiple contexts help eliminate the renewal effect?
Due to lack of generalization of extinction to other contexts
What is the purpose of priming extinction during the reconsolidation window?
To modify the activated memory and update it
What is required to induce synthesis of new proteins for producing real changes in learning?
Consolidation
What does anisomycin inhibit to affect memory?
Protein synthesis
What happens if extinction training is conducted while in the reconsolidation window?
Fear memory is especially vulnerable to extinction training
What is the paradoxical reward effect due to during extinction?
Unexpected absence of reinforcement
What is the mechanism behind the partial-reinforcement extinction effect?
Discrimination hypothesis
What is resistance to change and related to the rate of reinforcement called?
Behavioral momentum
What does the frustration theory suggest about persistence in extinction?
Persistence results from learning something counterintuitive
What does the sequential theory propose about the cue for performing a response during extinction?
Memory of nonreinforcement is a cue for performing the response
What type of reinforcement schedule results in higher persistence in responding?
Intermittent reinforcement
What is the term for the behavior that is hard to disrupt or stop using extinction or other manipulation?
Behavioral momentum
What is the term for the paradoxical effect where more training of continuous reinforcement results in more rapid extinction?
Overtraining extinction effect
What does the magnitude reinforcement extinction effect refer to?
Responding declines more rapidly in extinction when a large reinforcer is used
Test your knowledge of intermittent reinforcement schedules and their impact on behavior with this quiz. Explore the principles of ratio schedules and their role in shaping and maintaining responses through reinforcement.
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