Unit 6 Textbook
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Questions and Answers

What type of reinforcement depends only on the number of responses the organism has to perform?

  • Partial reinforcement
  • Fixed-Interval Schedule
  • Fixed-Ratio Schedule (correct)
  • Continuous reinforcement
  • What type of reinforcement occurs only some of the time?

  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Fixed-Interval Schedule
  • Fixed-Ratio Schedule
  • Partial reinforcement (correct)
  • What type of schedule delivers the reinforcer after every set number of responses?

  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Fixed-Interval Schedule
  • Variable-Ratio Schedule
  • Fixed-Ratio Schedule (correct)
  • What is the pause in responding after delivery of the reinforcer on FR and FI schedules called?

    <p>Post-reinforcement pause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to longer pauses in responding according to the text?

    <p>Higher ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement has a high and steady rate of responding that completes each ratio requirement?

    <p>Ratio run</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pause periodically before completion of responses according to the text?

    <p>Ratio strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule requires an unpredictable number of responses to elicit the reinforcer?

    <p>Variable-Ratio Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which schedule is the reinforcement given if there is a response after a certain amount of time has passed?

    <p>Variable-Interval Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule involves a gradual increase in the rate of responding between each reinforcement?

    <p>Fixed-Interval Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reinforcement schedule involves a restriction on how long the reinforcer remains available?

    <p>Limited Hold Interval Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which schedule do organisms respond more steadily and steadily?

    <p>Variable-Ratio Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule reinforces short inter-response times?

    <p>Fixed-Ratio Schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of responding is observed in participants tested with stimuli that increasingly differ from the stimulus presented during training?

    <p>Stimulus Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precise measure of the degree of stimulus control?

    <p>Stimulus Generalization Gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experiment involved pigeons being reinforced on a Variable-Interval schedule for pecking a key?

    <p>Reynolds Experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for differential responding in the presence of two or more stimuli?

    <p>Stimulus Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for responding in a similar way to two or more stimuli?

    <p>Stimulus Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be conducted to make the learned therapy as natural as possible and to generalize treatment outcomes to life?

    <p>Sequential Modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to enhance extinction of conditioned behavior?

    <p>Increase the number of extinction trials and space them apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does presenting extinction reminder cues during recovery tests affect the renewal effect?

    <p>Reduces renewal effect by reactivating extinction performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of compounding extinction stimuli?

    <p>Reduces reinstatement effect and slows rate of acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is extinction training recommended to be introduced to depress behavior effectively?

    <p>Right after acquisition but before memory consolidation sets in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number and spacing of extinction trials affect spontaneous recovery and renewal?

    <p>Closer trials may be better for spontaneous recovery but spaced apart trials are better for renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reapplication of exposure therapy after each extinction test session affect spontaneous recovery?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery occurs to a lesser extent with each extinction test session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conducting extinction in multiple contexts help eliminate the renewal effect?

    <p>Due to lack of generalization of extinction to other contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of priming extinction during the reconsolidation window?

    <p>To modify the activated memory and update it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to induce synthesis of new proteins for producing real changes in learning?

    <p>Consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anisomycin inhibit to affect memory?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if extinction training is conducted while in the reconsolidation window?

    <p>Fear memory is especially vulnerable to extinction training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the paradoxical reward effect due to during extinction?

    <p>Unexpected absence of reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism behind the partial-reinforcement extinction effect?

    <p>Discrimination hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is resistance to change and related to the rate of reinforcement called?

    <p>Behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the frustration theory suggest about persistence in extinction?

    <p>Persistence results from learning something counterintuitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sequential theory propose about the cue for performing a response during extinction?

    <p>Memory of nonreinforcement is a cue for performing the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement schedule results in higher persistence in responding?

    <p>Intermittent reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the behavior that is hard to disrupt or stop using extinction or other manipulation?

    <p>Behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the paradoxical effect where more training of continuous reinforcement results in more rapid extinction?

    <p>Overtraining extinction effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the magnitude reinforcement extinction effect refer to?

    <p>Responding declines more rapidly in extinction when a large reinforcer is used</p> Signup and view all the answers

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