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Questions and Answers
This type of blowdown is directly related to the amount of makeup water added to the cooling tower:
This type of blowdown is directly related to the amount of makeup water added to the cooling tower:
- makeup proportional blowdown (correct)
- conductivity based blowdown
- makeup operational blowdown
- chemical based blowdown
Make up water in a chiller system should be sourced from:
Make up water in a chiller system should be sourced from:
- treated city water supply
- ion exchanger treated condensate (correct)
- lime soda softened water
- recycled boiler blowdown water
Which of the following cause biological fouling in cooling tower systems? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following cause biological fouling in cooling tower systems? (Select all that apply)
- silica
- fungi (correct)
- bacteria (correct)
- cellulose
- algae (correct)
The amount of this, in cooling water, is naturally high in cooling tower systems due to their design:
The amount of this, in cooling water, is naturally high in cooling tower systems due to their design:
The two types of closed chemical feeders are: (Select all that apply)
The two types of closed chemical feeders are: (Select all that apply)
Wood is composed of: (Select all that apply)
Wood is composed of: (Select all that apply)
Organic growth in cooling tower systems, called _____, can reduce flow rates in tubes and channels:
Organic growth in cooling tower systems, called _____, can reduce flow rates in tubes and channels:
Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are known as:
Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are known as:
Sodium sulfite chemical will:
Sodium sulfite chemical will:
The use of chemicals to form protective layers is commonly referred to as the use of:
The use of chemicals to form protective layers is commonly referred to as the use of:
Sodium zeolite softeners:
Sodium zeolite softeners:
If the feedwater is neutral, its pH value is:
If the feedwater is neutral, its pH value is:
The most commonly used method of determining TDS is by measuring:
The most commonly used method of determining TDS is by measuring:
To prevent solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system the condensate passes through a:
To prevent solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system the condensate passes through a:
Using these are an inexpensive and simple way to evaluate expected corrosion rates:
Using these are an inexpensive and simple way to evaluate expected corrosion rates:
This type of corrosion control is not volatile and is injected directly into the steam line:
This type of corrosion control is not volatile and is injected directly into the steam line:
Which of the following is used to remove suspended matter from plugged filter beds?
Which of the following is used to remove suspended matter from plugged filter beds?
A measure of the cloudiness of the water is known as:
A measure of the cloudiness of the water is known as:
The regenerant used to regenerate a cation demineralizer is:
The regenerant used to regenerate a cation demineralizer is:
This type of corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact with one another and surrounded by an electrolyte:
This type of corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact with one another and surrounded by an electrolyte:
Some facilities put a sample through a continuous ________ which measures the amine content in the sample:
Some facilities put a sample through a continuous ________ which measures the amine content in the sample:
Which of the following is an example of dissolved solids?
Which of the following is an example of dissolved solids?
Specialty chemicals, added to cooling water systems to keep scale-forming salts in solution at high concentrations include:
Specialty chemicals, added to cooling water systems to keep scale-forming salts in solution at high concentrations include:
In this type of deaerator water is broken up by nozzles emitting the steam:
In this type of deaerator water is broken up by nozzles emitting the steam:
When conducting a TDS or Total Dissolved Solids test, the impurity which has a high conductivity and must be neutralized is:
When conducting a TDS or Total Dissolved Solids test, the impurity which has a high conductivity and must be neutralized is:
If there is a potential for galvanic corrosion to occur, a common treatment is to use:
If there is a potential for galvanic corrosion to occur, a common treatment is to use:
Measuring chlorides concentration can predict the:
Measuring chlorides concentration can predict the:
The spray-type and tray-type are the two basic configurations of ________ used to remove dissolved gases.
The spray-type and tray-type are the two basic configurations of ________ used to remove dissolved gases.
Scaling in cooling towers is not as severe as in boilers because:
Scaling in cooling towers is not as severe as in boilers because:
Neutralizing amines work by doing this:
Neutralizing amines work by doing this:
The chemical equation, which represents the modification of bicarbonates in hard water by the use of a zeolite softener, is:
The chemical equation, which represents the modification of bicarbonates in hard water by the use of a zeolite softener, is:
The two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants are:
The two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants are:
In this type of blowdown, the blowdown is opened when a predetermined amount of dissolved solids is reached:
In this type of blowdown, the blowdown is opened when a predetermined amount of dissolved solids is reached:
One element, which leads to caustic embrittlement in boiler tubes is:
One element, which leads to caustic embrittlement in boiler tubes is:
Sludge conditioning in a boiler:
Sludge conditioning in a boiler:
Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occurs as deterioration of the:
Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occurs as deterioration of the:
Cooling towers by design use:
Cooling towers by design use:
Cartridge type filters are similar to a filter found in:
Cartridge type filters are similar to a filter found in:
The risk of caustic embrittlement increases if the majority of the alkalinity is due to:
The risk of caustic embrittlement increases if the majority of the alkalinity is due to:
Boiler water with a pH of 6 is considered:
Boiler water with a pH of 6 is considered:
Flashcards
Makeup Proportional Blowdown
Makeup Proportional Blowdown
Blowdown type directly related to the amount of makeup water added to the cooling tower.
Ion exchanger treated condensate
Ion exchanger treated condensate
The best source for make up water in a chiller system.
Biofilm
Biofilm
Organic growth that can reduce flow rates in cooling tower tubes and channels.
Chillers
Chillers
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Sodium Sulfite
Sodium Sulfite
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Sodium Zeolite Softeners
Sodium Zeolite Softeners
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pH of Neutral Feedwater
pH of Neutral Feedwater
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Measuring Conductivity
Measuring Conductivity
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Condensate Polisher
Condensate Polisher
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Corrosion Coupons
Corrosion Coupons
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Filming Amines
Filming Amines
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Backwashing
Backwashing
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Turbidity
Turbidity
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Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
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Galvanic Corrosion
Galvanic Corrosion
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Study Notes
Cooling Tower Blowdown
- Makeup proportional blowdown is directly related to the amount of makeup water added to the cooling tower.
Water Source for Chiller Systems
- Ion exchanger treated condensate should be the source for makeup water in a chiller system.
Biological Fouling in Cooling Towers
- Algae, fungi, and bacteria can cause biological fouling in cooling tower systems.
Cooling Water Composition
- Oxygen levels are naturally high in cooling water in cooling tower systems due to their design.
Closed Chemical Feeders
- Graduated and gravity drip feeders are two types of closed chemical feeders.
Wood Composition
- Wood is composed of cellulose, lignin, and natural extractives.
Organic Growth in Cooling Systems
- Organic growth, called biofilm, can reduce flow rates in tubes and channels of cooling tower systems.
Heat Exchangers
- Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are known as chillers.
Sodium Sulfite in Boilers
- Sodium sulfite prevents corrosion due to oxygen in the boiler water.
Chemical Use for Protective Layers
- The use of chemicals to form protective layers is commonly referred to as using chemical inhibitors.
Sodium Zeolite Softeners
- Sodium zeolite softeners remove calcium and magnesium cations from the water.
Neutral Feedwater pH
- Neutral feedwater has a pH value of 7.
Determining TDS
- Measuring conductivity is the most common method for determining Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
Preventing Solids in Boiler Systems
- A condensate polisher prevents solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system.
Corrosion Rate Evaluation
- Corrosion coupons are an inexpensive and simple way to evaluate expected corrosion rates.
Corrosion Control
- Filming amines, a type of corrosion control, are non-volatile and injected directly into the steam line.
Filter Bed Maintenance
- Backwashing removes suspended matter from plugged filter beds.
Water Cloudiness Measurement
- Turbidity measures the cloudiness of water.
Cation Demineralizer Regeneration
- Sulphuric acid is used to regenerate a cation demineralizer.
Corrosion Types
- Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact and surrounded by an electrolyte.
Measuring Amine Content
- A fluorometer measures the amine content in a sample.
Examples of Dissolved Solids
- Magnesium sulphate is an example of dissolved solids.
Specialty Chemicals
- Polymeric organics are added to cooling water systems to keep scale-forming salts in solution at high concentrations.
Types of Deaerators
- Spray type deaerators break up water with nozzles emitting steam.
TDS Test Impurities
- Hydroxide alkalinity is an impurity with high conductivity that needs neutralization during a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) test.
Preventing Galvanic Corrosion
- Sacrificial anodes are used to treat potential galvanic corrosion.
Chloride Concentration Measurement
- Measuring chlorides concentration can predict the level of dissolved solids in the boiler water.
Removing Dissolved Gases
- Spray-type and tray-type configurations are used to remove dissolved gasses, known as deareators.
Scaling Severity
- Scaling in cooling towers is less severe than in boilers because their operating temperatures are much lower.
Neutralizing Amines
- Neutralizing amines work by increasing the pH.
Water Softening
- Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2Z -> CaZ + 2NaHCO3 represents the modification of bicarbonates in hard water using a zeolite softener.
Glycol Types
- Ethylene and propylene are the two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants.
Conductivity-Based Blowdown
- Conductivity based blowdown occurs when a predetermined amount of dissolved solids is reached.
Caustic Embrittlement in Boilers
- A concentration of sodium hydroxide (CAUSTIC SODA) leads to caustic embrittlement in boiler tubes.
Sludge Conditioning
- Sludge conditioning in a boiler prevents sludge precipitates from adhering to the boiler plates and tubes.
Biological Attacks on Cooling Towers
- Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occur as deterioration of cellulose.
Cooling Tower Design
- Cooling towers by design use a lots of water.
Cartridge Filters
- Cartridge type filters are similar to those found in an oil filter on a car engine.
Caustic Embrittlement Risk
- The risk of caustic embrittlement increases if the majority of the alkalinity is due to hydroxyls.
Boiler Water pH
- Boiler water with a pH of 6 is acidic.
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