Intermediate Physics Challenge 2023
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Questions and Answers

What equation correctly represents the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength?

  • Wave speed = wavelength - frequency
  • Wave speed = frequency × wavelength (correct)
  • Wave speed = frequency ÷ wavelength
  • Wave speed = frequency + wavelength

    • Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating gravitational potential energy?

  • Gravitational potential energy = mass + gravitational field strength × height
  • Gravitational potential energy = mass × (gravitational field strength + height)
  • Gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height (correct)
  • Gravitational potential energy = mass ÷ height × gravitational field strength

    • What is the value of gravitational field strength on Earth, represented by g?

  • 9.8 kg/N
  • 9.8 N/kg (correct)
  • 9.8 J/kg
  • 10 N/kg

    • For an ideal gas at a constant temperature, what is the equation that describes the relationship between pressure and volume?

    <p>Pressure × Volume = constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the density equation, how do you calculate density?

    <p>Density = mass ÷ volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation for kinetic energy represent?

    <p>Kinetic energy = ½ mass × velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total potential energy stored by the gravity battery when the mass is raised for a distance of 300 m?

    <p>3.6 kWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a discharge rate of 800 kW, what is the approximate speed at which the mass must descend to maintain this output given the efficiency of the generators?

    <p>4.47 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the gravity battery maintain an output of 800 kW with an efficiency of 94%?

    <p>3.6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the mass were to descend a distance of 150 m instead, how much energy would it provide at the same rate?

    <p>0.53 kWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering eight cables support the mass, what factor does this have on the overall potential energy if each cable independently supports the weight?

    <p>It has no effect on the potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assumptions about the energy transfer process can be considered accurate for this gravity battery system?

    <p>Friction from the cables can be neglected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much work is done by a cyclist to increase their speed from 2.0 m/s to 6.0 m/s given a total mass of 95 kg, ignoring air resistance and friction?

    <p>760 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between displacement from the start line and time for a runner starting at a speed of 1 m/s and accelerating at 2 m/s² for 2 seconds?

    <p>Parabolic increase in displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which graph correctly represents the resistance of a thermistor against current through it, considering that the resistance decreases with an increase in temperature?

    <p>Linear decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the wavelength and frequency of water waves when they travel from deeper to shallower water?

    <p>Wavelength decreases and frequency remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much electrical energy does an electric kettle rated at 2.5 kW consume to boil 1.25 L of water in just under 3 minutes?

    <p>225 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cyclist accelerates from rest to a speed of 6.0 m/s, which concept primarily represents the energy change involved assuming no losses?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does moving from deeper water to shallower water have on the speed of water waves?

    <p>Speed decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the acceleration phase, what is the final speed of the marathon runner after 2 seconds?

    <p>5 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the bulbs in a circuit are not lit to full brightness, what could be a potential reason?

    <p>The circuit is completely open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate reading on the voltmeter in a circuit where the bulbs are dim?

    <p>60 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the energy transfer in a gravity battery system?

    <p>Energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gravity battery releases energy, which of the following occurs?

    <p>Electrical generators are activated as masses descend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a gravity battery system has an output of 1 kW for 1 hour, how much energy does it transfer in kilowatt-hours?

    <p>1 kWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential feature of the cylindrical container used in the gravity battery?

    <p>It should be filled with a mass of significant average density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does raising the masses in a gravity battery affect the energy system?

    <p>It increases stored gravitational potential energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of volume, what is the volume of the cylindrical container if its diameter is 5.0 m and height is 4.0 m?

    <p>78.5 m³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a gravity battery system fails to meet peak energy demands, what might be a consequence?

    <p>Prolonged power outages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intermediate Physics Challenge 2023

    • The Intermediate Physics Challenge is a competition for students in year 12.
    • The competition consists of three sections: multiple choice, short written questions, and extended numerical questions.
    • The competition covers a range of physics topics, including mechanics, heat, electricity, magnetism, and waves.

    Gravity Batteries

    • Gravity batteries store energy by raising large masses, typically crushed rock, up a shaft.
    • When energy is needed, the masses are lowered, generating electricity.
    • The energy stored in a gravity battery is equal to the gravitational potential energy of the mass.

    Energy Storage System

    • The container used in the gravity battery system has a diameter of 5.0 m and a depth of 4.0 m.
    • The container is filled with crushed rock with an average density of 5200 kg/m³.
    • The mass can be raised or lowered a total distance of 300 m in the shaft.
    • The efficiency of the electrical generators is 94%.
    • The gravity battery can provide energy to the national grid at a rate of 800 kW.
    • Eight cables are used to support the mass.

    Parallax

    • Edmund Halley proposed using the transit of Venus across the Sun to determine the absolute scale of the solar system.
    • The difference in the apparent positions of an object seen from two different points is called parallax.
    • In 1769, Captain James Cook travelled to Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus.
    • The parallax angle was determined to be 0.0130° from two locations separated by a distance of 9560 km.

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    Intermediate Physics Challenge 2023 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge with the Intermediate Physics Challenge aimed at Year 12 students. This competition includes multiple-choice, short questions, and numerical problems covering mechanics, heat, electricity, magnetism, and waves. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these fundamental physics concepts!

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