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Intermediate Metabolism Quiz
42 Questions
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Intermediate Metabolism Quiz

Created by
@CompliantEcstasy3357

Questions and Answers

What is true about the formation of fatty acids in animals?

  • They always have an odd number of carbons.
  • They always have an even number of carbons. (correct)
  • They can be formed with any number of carbon atoms.
  • They consist of only one fatty acid molecule.

    • Which process is involved in linking fatty acids to glycerol?

  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Glycogenesis
  • Beta-oxidation
  • Proteolysis

    • What enzyme activity occurs predominantly in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Glucose metabolism
  • Nucleic acid synthesis
  • Fatty acid synthesis (correct)
  • Protein synthesis

    • What happens to carbohydrate catabolism in relation to fat production?

    <p>It is sometimes converted to produce fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid processing step involves separating amino acids?

    <p>Proteolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of breaking down fatty acids?

    <p>Conversion to ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of fatty acids?

    <p>Conversion to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do proteases specifically break down?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of beta oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substrate can be converted into glucose during metabolism?

    <p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the beta oxidation of fatty acids occur?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of fatty acid metabolism mentioned in the content?

    <p>It involves reverse reactions of catabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Acetyl-CoA not form during metabolism?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary toxic component mentioned that blood takes to the liver?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does FADH2 play in the metabolism of fatty acids?

    <p>It acts as a high-energy electron carrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows an amino acid to transfer its amino group to a keto acid?

    <p>Transamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular structure of a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons before oxidation?

    <p>CH3 – (CH2)14 – COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound results from the conversion of 2 NH3 and CO2 in the liver?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the reverse reactions of fatty acid metabolism?

    <p>The enzymes for these reactions are found in the cytosol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ is responsible for excreting urea through urine?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the 28 amino acids can be produced through the method described?

    <p>19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is considered essential and must be obtained through diet?

    <p>Lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which byproduct is formed when ammonia is converted into urea?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, resulting in a keto acid?

    <p>Deamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxaloacetate in the metabolism process?

    <p>It acts as a link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is produced when pyruvate is converted in the metabolic pathway?

    <p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when glucose levels are high and glycogen is formed?

    <p>Glycogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the breakdown of glycogen?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the conversion from phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose, which is not part of the reversible reaction?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of glycogen synthesis and breakdown primarily occur?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intermediate product does glucose lose during its metabolism?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathway is described as irreversible in the context of pyruvate metabolism?

    <p>Conversion to acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule is formed when glycogen is broken down?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the 2-carbon units generated during the breakdown of glucose?

    <p>They enter the citric acid cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of modulation may influence enzyme activity in glycogen metabolism?

    <p>Allosteric and Covalent Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is characterized as the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process is primarily concerned with the production of phosphoenolpyruvate from glycolysis?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When glucose levels are low, which metabolic pathway is activated?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a by-product of the reaction that converts pyruvate into Acetyl CoA?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding muscle glycogen storage?

    <p>Muscle glycogen is primarily broken down during anaerobic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the reaction involving oxaloacetate reversible?

    <p>It enables gluconeogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substrate directly enters the citric acid cycle after Acetyl CoA?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intermediary Metabolism Overview

    • Fatty acids serve as energy sources through beta-oxidation in mitochondria, transforming into Acetyl-CoA.
    • A fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms (CH3-(CH2)14-CH2-COOH) produces FADH2 and a fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms during oxidation.
    • Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle (CAC) but cannot convert into glucose; only glycerol can be gluconeogenic.
    • Fat synthesis occurs in the cytosol, requiring acetyl-CoA to form fatty acids; this is the reverse process of beta-oxidation.

    Fatty Acid Metabolism

    • Fatty acid synthesis adds two carbon units at a time, resulting in even-numbered fatty acids.
    • Triglycerides are formed by linking three fatty acids to glycerol derived from glycolysis.
    • Enzymes for fatty acid synthesis reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

    Protein Metabolism

    • Proteolysis involves separating amino acids using proteases to break peptide bonds.
    • The breakdown results in ammonia (NH3) and keto acids, with ammonia being highly toxic.
    • Transported to the liver, ammonia is converted into urea (NH2)2CO, which is less toxic and excreted through urine by the kidneys.

    Amino Acid Processing

    • Deamination is the removal of amino groups from amino acids, while transamination transfers an amino group to a keto acid.
    • Humans can synthesize 11 out of 20 amino acids; the remaining 9 are essential and must be obtained through diet.

    Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) Dynamics

    • Glucose can be catabolized into Acetyl-CoA through glycolysis and citric acid cycle, generating CO2.
    • Oxaloacetate plays a critical role in the CAC, helping to prevent unnecessary glucose production.

    Glycogen Metabolism

    • Glycogen synthesis (gluconeogenesis) occurs when glucose levels are high, while glycogenolysis occurs during low glucose availability.
    • Enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism are modulated covalently and allosterically, linking the processes to cellular energy status.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on intermediary metabolism focusing on fatty acid oxidation processes. This quiz covers the biochemical pathways involved in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, including mitochondrial functions and the role of FADH2. Assess your understanding and see how well you grasp these complex metabolic processes.

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