Intermediate C++ Programming: Structures, Classes, and Polymorphism

Intermediated Programming with C++

Key Concepts

• Understand the principles of intermediated programming with C++
• Demonstrate understanding of various concepts, including:

Structures and Classes

• Structures (struct) and classes are user-defined data types
• Key differences between structures and classes:
  • Structures have public access by default, while classes have private access
  • Inheritance in classes is private by default, whereas in structures it is public

Polymorphism in C++

• Polymorphism: ability of an object to take multiple forms
• Types of polymorphism in C++:
  • Compile-time polymorphism (function overloading, operator overloading)
  • Run-time polymorphism (function overriding)

Templates

• Templates: a feature in C++ that allows functions and classes to operate with generic data types
• Advantages of templates:
  • Code reusability
  • Increased efficiency

Namespaces

• Namespaces: a way to group named entities, such as functions, variables, and classes
• Purpose of namespaces:
  • Avoid naming conflicts
  • Organize code

STL (Standard Template Library)

Vector

• Vector: a sequence container that stores elements dynamically
• Key features of vectors:
  • Dynamic memory allocation
  • Automatic resizing

Stacks

• Stack: a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle
• Stack operations:
  • Push (add element)
  • Pop (remove element)
  • Top (access top element)

Map

• Map: an associative container that stores key-value pairs
• Key features of maps:
  • Fast look-up, insertion, and deletion
  • Ordered or unordered maps

Algorithms in C++

• Algorithms: a set of instructions to solve a specific problem
• Types of algorithms in C++:
  • Sorting algorithms (e.g., bubble sort, quick sort)
  • Searching algorithms (e.g., linear search, binary search)

Mini Database in C++

• A simple database application using C++
• Key features:
  • Data storage and retrieval
  • Basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations

Intermediated Programming with C++ Principles

• Demonstrate an understanding of structures and classes in C++:
  • Define a blueprint for creating objects
  • Classes: user-defined data types that encapsulate data and functions
  • Structures: similar to classes, but members are public by default

Polymorphism in C++

• Understand polymorphism in C++:
  • Ability of an object to take on multiple forms
  • Achieved through function overloading and operator overloading
  • Allows for more flexibility and generic code

Templates

• Learn about templates in C++:
  • Generic programming: reuse code with different data types
  • Templates: parameterized types that allow for type safety
  • Function templates and class templates

Namespaces

• Understand namespaces in C++:
  • Organize and separate global identifiers into distinct namespaces
  • Avoid naming conflicts and improve code readability
  • Use the using directive to access namespace members

Standard Template Library (STL)

• Familiarize with key STL components:
  • Vector: dynamic array with automatic memory management
  • Stack: last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure
  • Map: associative container that stores key-value pairs
  • Algorithms: reusable functions for common tasks

C++ STL Container and Algorithms

• Learn about the following STL containers:

  • Vector: dynamic array with automatic memory management
  • Stack: last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure
  • Map: associative container that stores key-value pairs

• Understand the importance of algorithms in C++:

  • Reusable functions for common tasks
  • Sorting, searching, and manipulating data

Mini Database in C++

• Understand how to create a mini database in C++:
  • Use STL containers to store and manage data
  • Implement basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations
  • Demonstrate basic data storage and retrieval capabilities