Intermediate C++ Programming: Structures, Classes, and Polymorphism
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the namespace in C++?

  • To create a new class
  • To create a new data type
  • To implement polymorphism
  • To avoid naming conflicts between variables and functions (correct)
  • What is the difference between a stack and a vector in C++ STL?

  • A stack is a dynamic array while a vector is a static array
  • A stack is a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure while a vector is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure (correct)
  • A stack is used for sorting while a vector is used for searching
  • A stack is used for insertion while a vector is used for deletion
  • What is the main advantage of using templates in C++?

  • They make the code more complex and difficult to understand
  • They provide a way to create a new data type
  • They allow for code reuse (correct)
  • They improve the performance of the program
  • What is the purpose of the map data structure in C++ STL?

    <p>To store and retrieve data using a key-value pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a structure and a class in C++?

    <p>A structure is by default public while a class is by default private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key concept in Object-Oriented Programming?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in OOP?

    <p>To hide data from external interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inheritance used for in OOP?

    <p>To inherit properties from a base class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polymorphism in OOP?

    <p>The ability of an object to take on multiple forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an abstract class in C++?

    <p>To define a blueprint for other classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intermediated Programming with C++

    Key Concepts

    • Understand the principles of intermediated programming with C++
    • Demonstrate understanding of various concepts, including:

    Structures and Classes

    • Structures (struct) and classes are user-defined data types
    • Key differences between structures and classes:
      • Structures have public access by default, while classes have private access
      • Inheritance in classes is private by default, whereas in structures it is public

    Polymorphism in C++

    • Polymorphism: ability of an object to take multiple forms
    • Types of polymorphism in C++:
      • Compile-time polymorphism (function overloading, operator overloading)
      • Run-time polymorphism (function overriding)

    Templates

    • Templates: a feature in C++ that allows functions and classes to operate with generic data types
    • Advantages of templates:
      • Code reusability
      • Increased efficiency

    Namespaces

    • Namespaces: a way to group named entities, such as functions, variables, and classes
    • Purpose of namespaces:
      • Avoid naming conflicts
      • Organize code

    STL (Standard Template Library)

    Vector

    • Vector: a sequence container that stores elements dynamically
    • Key features of vectors:
      • Dynamic memory allocation
      • Automatic resizing

    Stacks

    • Stack: a linear data structure that follows LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle
    • Stack operations:
      • Push (add element)
      • Pop (remove element)
      • Top (access top element)

    Map

    • Map: an associative container that stores key-value pairs
    • Key features of maps:
      • Fast look-up, insertion, and deletion
      • Ordered or unordered maps

    Algorithms in C++

    • Algorithms: a set of instructions to solve a specific problem
    • Types of algorithms in C++:
      • Sorting algorithms (e.g., bubble sort, quick sort)
      • Searching algorithms (e.g., linear search, binary search)

    Mini Database in C++

    • A simple database application using C++
    • Key features:
      • Data storage and retrieval
      • Basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations

    Intermediated Programming with C++ Principles

    • Demonstrate an understanding of structures and classes in C++:
      • Define a blueprint for creating objects
      • Classes: user-defined data types that encapsulate data and functions
      • Structures: similar to classes, but members are public by default

    Polymorphism in C++

    • Understand polymorphism in C++:
      • Ability of an object to take on multiple forms
      • Achieved through function overloading and operator overloading
      • Allows for more flexibility and generic code

    Templates

    • Learn about templates in C++:
      • Generic programming: reuse code with different data types
      • Templates: parameterized types that allow for type safety
      • Function templates and class templates

    Namespaces

    • Understand namespaces in C++:
      • Organize and separate global identifiers into distinct namespaces
      • Avoid naming conflicts and improve code readability
      • Use the using directive to access namespace members

    Standard Template Library (STL)

    • Familiarize with key STL components:
      • Vector: dynamic array with automatic memory management
      • Stack: last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure
      • Map: associative container that stores key-value pairs
      • Algorithms: reusable functions for common tasks

    C++ STL Container and Algorithms

    • Learn about the following STL containers:

      • Vector: dynamic array with automatic memory management
      • Stack: last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure
      • Map: associative container that stores key-value pairs
    • Understand the importance of algorithms in C++:

      • Reusable functions for common tasks
      • Sorting, searching, and manipulating data

    Mini Database in C++

    • Understand how to create a mini database in C++:
      • Use STL containers to store and manage data
      • Implement basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations
      • Demonstrate basic data storage and retrieval capabilities

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    Description

    Test your understanding of intermediate C++ programming concepts, including structures, classes, and polymorphism. Assess your knowledge of user-defined data types, access modifiers, and inheritance.

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