Interior Design: High-Rise Buildings Lecture Objectives

High-Rise Buildings

• A high-rise building is a tall, multistory building that requires a system of mechanical vertical transportation, such as elevators.
• The skyscraper is a very tall high-rise building.

Historical Background

• The first high-rise buildings were constructed in the United States in the 19th century.
• High-rise buildings arose in urban areas where increased land prices and significant population densities created a demand for buildings that rose vertically rather than spread horizontally.

Types of High-Rise Structures

• Tube structure with perimeter lateral force-resisting systems internally braced by rigid floor diaphragms.
• Braced tube: a framed structure tied together by a system of diagonal braces.
• Trussed tube: trussed wall frames of widely spaced columns tied together by diagonal or cross bracing.
• Latticed truss tube: perimeter frames of closely spaced diagonals with no vertical columns.
• Bundled tubes: an assembly of narrow tubes tied directly to each other to form a modular structure.
• Tube-in-tube structure: an inner braced core added to the perimeter tube to improve its shear stiffness.

Damping Mechanisms

• Viscoelastic devices installed at structural joints to absorb energy generated by wind or earthquake forces.
• Internal damping: natural damping that occurs as a building undergoes elastic or plastic deformation.
• Types of internal damping: hysteresis damping, frictional damping, and viscous damping.

Super Tall Skyscrapers

• Require incredibly strong bases and walls due to immense weight.
• Use pilings to anchor the building to the bedrock underground.
• Example: Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building, uses specially treated and mixed reinforced concrete.

Foundation Systems

• Core with cantilevers
• Self-supporting boxes
• Bearing walls with core(s)
• Flat plate systems (developed by Robert Maillart and C.A.P.Turner)