Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of infection?
What is the definition of infection?
- Any deviation from the normal structure or function of a body part
- Accompanied by growth or multiplication of an organism in the body
- Introduction of the viral genome into a host cell
- Presence of an organism in or on any body cell, tissue, organ, or system resulting in disease (correct)
What is the difference between colonization and infection?
What is the difference between colonization and infection?
- Colonization is always permanent while infection is transient
- Colonization involves growth or multiplication of organisms while infection does not
- Infection leads to disease while colonization may not (correct)
- Infection is the introduction of organisms into the body while colonization is their presence
What does tropism refer to?
What does tropism refer to?
- Presence of virions in the blood
- Predilection to infect certain cells, tissues, organs, or systems (correct)
- Introduction of the viral genome into a host cell
- Transmission of a disease organism from one host to another
What is the role of a vector in disease transmission?
What is the role of a vector in disease transmission?
What is the definition of a cyclic or periodic disease?
What is the definition of a cyclic or periodic disease?
Which virus is typically transmitted through kissing or sharing drinks/utensils and causes cold sores?
Which virus is typically transmitted through kissing or sharing drinks/utensils and causes cold sores?
What is the function of the immune system?
What is the function of the immune system?
Which virus causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults?
Which virus causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults?
What is the characteristic of a slow infection?
What is the characteristic of a slow infection?
What does the term 'Latent' mean in the context of diseases?
What does the term 'Latent' mean in the context of diseases?
Which virus causes the flu in humans and animals?
Which virus causes the flu in humans and animals?
'MOI' stands for:
'MOI' stands for:
What does 'ID50' refer to?
What does 'ID50' refer to?
What is 'Prion disease'?
What is 'Prion disease'?
What is 'Viral Titer'?
What is 'Viral Titer'?
Which viral replication process leads to changes in viral characteristics and the emergence of different strains?
Which viral replication process leads to changes in viral characteristics and the emergence of different strains?
What is the term for sites in the body that tend to be relatively hermetic to the immune system due to their importance?
What is the term for sites in the body that tend to be relatively hermetic to the immune system due to their importance?
What are the gene products of a virus typically called?
What are the gene products of a virus typically called?
What is the relationship between pathogenicity and viral infections?
What is the relationship between pathogenicity and viral infections?
What are some host factors that can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?
What are some host factors that can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?
Which external factors can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?
Which external factors can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?
What is the term used to describe the stage in viral disease when the virus successfully replicates and produces progeny virions within the host?
What is the term used to describe the stage in viral disease when the virus successfully replicates and produces progeny virions within the host?
Which stage of viral disease is characterized by general, non-specific symptoms such as fever and malaise?
Which stage of viral disease is characterized by general, non-specific symptoms such as fever and malaise?
In viral disease progression, which stage involves colonization of the body and cells by the virus?
In viral disease progression, which stage involves colonization of the body and cells by the virus?
What can contribute to the progression of viral disease during the stages outlined in the text?
What can contribute to the progression of viral disease during the stages outlined in the text?
Which infection pattern involves the pathogen remaining in the body and continuing to multiply either continuously or intermittently?
Which infection pattern involves the pathogen remaining in the body and continuing to multiply either continuously or intermittently?
What is responsible for contagion in viral disease progression?
What is responsible for contagion in viral disease progression?
During which stage of viral disease does the host either completely clear the infection or become permanently infected?
During which stage of viral disease does the host either completely clear the infection or become permanently infected?
Which stage of viral disease involves amplification and spreading of the virus to secondary sites of infection?
Which stage of viral disease involves amplification and spreading of the virus to secondary sites of infection?
What refers to the development of disease due to a virus' ability to alter cell cycle regulatory processes even without successful replication?
What refers to the development of disease due to a virus' ability to alter cell cycle regulatory processes even without successful replication?
Which stage of viral disease is characterized by characteristic signs and symptoms caused by the virus?
Which stage of viral disease is characterized by characteristic signs and symptoms caused by the virus?
What type of infection occurs when a virus is unable to successfully replicate and produce progeny virions within the host?
What type of infection occurs when a virus is unable to successfully replicate and produce progeny virions within the host?
Which pattern of viral disease progression involves acquisition and multiplication of a pathogen followed by clearance of the infection by the host's immune system?
Which pattern of viral disease progression involves acquisition and multiplication of a pathogen followed by clearance of the infection by the host's immune system?
What is the main mechanism by which virokines and viroceptors alter host defense mechanisms?
What is the main mechanism by which virokines and viroceptors alter host defense mechanisms?
Which classification of viruses is more susceptible to disinfection methods and immune responses?
Which classification of viruses is more susceptible to disinfection methods and immune responses?
How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease by cell lysis?
How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease by cell lysis?
What is the main effect of persistent hepatitis B or C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma development?
What is the main effect of persistent hepatitis B or C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma development?
Which role does the HBV X protein play in tumorigenesis?
Which role does the HBV X protein play in tumorigenesis?
What is the primary contribution of human herpesvirus 8 to Kaposi Sarcoma development?
What is the primary contribution of human herpesvirus 8 to Kaposi Sarcoma development?
In what way do some naked viruses differ from other naked viruses like human papillomaviruses?
In what way do some naked viruses differ from other naked viruses like human papillomaviruses?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that viruses use to evade immune responses?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that viruses use to evade immune responses?
What is the primary function of interferons in the immune response to viruses?
What is the primary function of interferons in the immune response to viruses?
What is the significance of the E7 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?
What is the significance of the E7 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?
How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease development?
How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease development?
What are the two main roles played by the E6 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?
What are the two main roles played by the E6 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?
Which type of interferon-induced gene is responsible for impeding (-)ssRNA virus replication?
Which type of interferon-induced gene is responsible for impeding (-)ssRNA virus replication?
What is the function of APOBEC proteins during a viral infection?
What is the function of APOBEC proteins during a viral infection?
Which cytokine is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses during viral infections?
Which cytokine is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses during viral infections?
What role does Caspase 1 play in the immune response to viral infections?
What role does Caspase 1 play in the immune response to viral infections?
Which cells are activated by IL-18 in acquired responses to combat viruses and cancer cells?
Which cells are activated by IL-18 in acquired responses to combat viruses and cancer cells?
What is the main function of high IFN-γ-producing non-cytotoxic CTLs during viral infections?
What is the main function of high IFN-γ-producing non-cytotoxic CTLs during viral infections?
'Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)' are important because they:
'Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)' are important because they:
'PAMP-PRR interactions' primarily lead to:
'PAMP-PRR interactions' primarily lead to:
'Type 1 IFNs' lead to the establishment of a TH1 response by:
'Type 1 IFNs' lead to the establishment of a TH1 response by:
What is one of the main roles of IFN-gamma in the immune response to viral infections?
What is one of the main roles of IFN-gamma in the immune response to viral infections?
What is the direct effect on the immune system due to the infiltration of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4+, CD8+ T-cells in an area?
What is the direct effect on the immune system due to the infiltration of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4+, CD8+ T-cells in an area?
What is the term for the capacity of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue?
What is the term for the capacity of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue?
Which term refers to a viral infection that does not lead to the production of progeny virions?
Which term refers to a viral infection that does not lead to the production of progeny virions?
What is the process through which healthy cells become transformed into cancer cells?
What is the process through which healthy cells become transformed into cancer cells?
What is the measured quantity of virus in plasma (blood)?
What is the measured quantity of virus in plasma (blood)?
Which term refers to the loss of virulence in an organism?
Which term refers to the loss of virulence in an organism?
What is the term for low-level viral replication despite an efficient immune response?
What is the term for low-level viral replication despite an efficient immune response?
What is the term for a self-limiting infection usually associated with a rapid onset and resolution?
What is the term for a self-limiting infection usually associated with a rapid onset and resolution?
What is the term for the viral load that the body settles at within a few weeks to months after infection?
What is the term for the viral load that the body settles at within a few weeks to months after infection?
What is a nonessential gene that, when expressed, increases the virulence of an organism?
What is a nonessential gene that, when expressed, increases the virulence of an organism?
What does the term 'latent infection' refer to?
What does the term 'latent infection' refer to?
What are dead-end pathways in the context of viral infections?
What are dead-end pathways in the context of viral infections?
What are host defenses in the context of viral infections?
What are host defenses in the context of viral infections?
Which type of cells play a role in regulating the immune system by suppressing pro-inflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory reactions?
Which type of cells play a role in regulating the immune system by suppressing pro-inflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory reactions?
Which cells are able to recognize and kill virus-infected cells as part of an immune response?
Which cells are able to recognize and kill virus-infected cells as part of an immune response?
Which antigen-presenting cell is highly efficient at capturing and presenting antigens, particularly from intracellular pathogens?
Which antigen-presenting cell is highly efficient at capturing and presenting antigens, particularly from intracellular pathogens?
Which family of enzymes can modify viral genomes and inhibit viral replication?
Which family of enzymes can modify viral genomes and inhibit viral replication?
Which protein plays a critical role in presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells and activating them?
Which protein plays a critical role in presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells and activating them?
Which process involves exogenous antigens being acquired by a cell through endocytosis and then presented by MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T cells?
Which process involves exogenous antigens being acquired by a cell through endocytosis and then presented by MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T cells?
What is the role of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the immune response?
What is the role of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the immune response?
"Immunoglobulin isotypes" refer to:
"Immunoglobulin isotypes" refer to:
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
