Interferon-Induced Genes and Viral Infections Quiz

What is the definition of infection?

What is the difference between colonization and infection?

What does tropism refer to?

What is the role of a vector in disease transmission?

What is the definition of a cyclic or periodic disease?

Which virus is typically transmitted through kissing or sharing drinks/utensils and causes cold sores?

What is the function of the immune system?

Which virus causes chickenpox in children and shingles in adults?

What is the characteristic of a slow infection?

What does the term 'Latent' mean in the context of diseases?

Which virus causes the flu in humans and animals?

'MOI' stands for:

What does 'ID50' refer to?

What is 'Prion disease'?

What is 'Viral Titer'?

Which viral replication process leads to changes in viral characteristics and the emergence of different strains?

What is the term for sites in the body that tend to be relatively hermetic to the immune system due to their importance?

What are the gene products of a virus typically called?

What is the relationship between pathogenicity and viral infections?

What are some host factors that can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?

Which external factors can influence the pathogenicity of a virus?

What is the term used to describe the stage in viral disease when the virus successfully replicates and produces progeny virions within the host?

Which stage of viral disease is characterized by general, non-specific symptoms such as fever and malaise?

In viral disease progression, which stage involves colonization of the body and cells by the virus?

What can contribute to the progression of viral disease during the stages outlined in the text?

Which infection pattern involves the pathogen remaining in the body and continuing to multiply either continuously or intermittently?

What is responsible for contagion in viral disease progression?

During which stage of viral disease does the host either completely clear the infection or become permanently infected?

Which stage of viral disease involves amplification and spreading of the virus to secondary sites of infection?

What refers to the development of disease due to a virus' ability to alter cell cycle regulatory processes even without successful replication?

Which stage of viral disease is characterized by characteristic signs and symptoms caused by the virus?

What type of infection occurs when a virus is unable to successfully replicate and produce progeny virions within the host?

Which pattern of viral disease progression involves acquisition and multiplication of a pathogen followed by clearance of the infection by the host's immune system?

What is the main mechanism by which virokines and viroceptors alter host defense mechanisms?

Which classification of viruses is more susceptible to disinfection methods and immune responses?

How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease by cell lysis?

What is the main effect of persistent hepatitis B or C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma development?

Which role does the HBV X protein play in tumorigenesis?

What is the primary contribution of human herpesvirus 8 to Kaposi Sarcoma development?

In what way do some naked viruses differ from other naked viruses like human papillomaviruses?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that viruses use to evade immune responses?

What is the primary function of interferons in the immune response to viruses?

What is the significance of the E7 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?

How do some enveloped viruses contribute to disease development?

What are the two main roles played by the E6 protein in cervical/anal/oropharyngeal carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus?

Which type of interferon-induced gene is responsible for impeding (-)ssRNA virus replication?

What is the function of APOBEC proteins during a viral infection?

Which cytokine is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses during viral infections?

What role does Caspase 1 play in the immune response to viral infections?

Which cells are activated by IL-18 in acquired responses to combat viruses and cancer cells?

What is the main function of high IFN-γ-producing non-cytotoxic CTLs during viral infections?

'Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)' are important because they:

'PAMP-PRR interactions' primarily lead to:

'Type 1 IFNs' lead to the establishment of a TH1 response by:

What is one of the main roles of IFN-gamma in the immune response to viral infections?

What is the direct effect on the immune system due to the infiltration of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4+, CD8+ T-cells in an area?

What is the term for the capacity of a virus to enter and cause damage to a tissue?

Which term refers to a viral infection that does not lead to the production of progeny virions?

What is the process through which healthy cells become transformed into cancer cells?

What is the measured quantity of virus in plasma (blood)?

Which term refers to the loss of virulence in an organism?

What is the term for low-level viral replication despite an efficient immune response?

What is the term for a self-limiting infection usually associated with a rapid onset and resolution?

What is the term for the viral load that the body settles at within a few weeks to months after infection?

What is a nonessential gene that, when expressed, increases the virulence of an organism?

What does the term 'latent infection' refer to?

What are dead-end pathways in the context of viral infections?

What are host defenses in the context of viral infections?

Which type of cells play a role in regulating the immune system by suppressing pro-inflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory reactions?

Which cells are able to recognize and kill virus-infected cells as part of an immune response?

Which antigen-presenting cell is highly efficient at capturing and presenting antigens, particularly from intracellular pathogens?

Which family of enzymes can modify viral genomes and inhibit viral replication?

Which protein plays a critical role in presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells and activating them?

Which process involves exogenous antigens being acquired by a cell through endocytosis and then presented by MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T cells?

What is the role of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the immune response?

"Immunoglobulin isotypes" refer to: