Interdependent Relationship of Three Plasma Protein Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mast cells in the body?

  • Inducing inflammation (correct)
  • Producing lipid mediators and cytokines
  • Releasing granular contents into the circulation
  • Synthesizing lipid mediators from cell membrane precursors
  • Where are mast cells located in the body?

  • Close to a blood vessel in connective tissue (correct)
  • In the alveoli of the lungs
  • Within the lymphatic system
  • Within the bloodstream
  • What happens when mast cells are activated?

  • They settle in nearby tissues
  • They mature within circulation
  • They release their granular contents into the circulation (correct)
  • They produce histamine and serotonin
  • What is the relationship between mast cells and basophils?

    <p>They originate from different stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of response are mast cells especially important in?

    <p>Inflammatory response related to hypersensitivity and allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within mast cells' pre-formed granules?

    <p>Enzymes, proteoglycans, and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system component is responsible for activation of the kinin system?

    <p>Prekallekrein activator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histamine in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Increasing vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator is responsible for inducing bronchoconstriction and fever?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major source of cell-derived mediators of inflammation?

    <p>Mast cells and epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator plays a major role in the mediation of asthma and anaphylaxis?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are arachidonic metabolites released from?

    <p>Phospholipids of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator is released mainly by mast cells, basophils, and platelets and promotes platelet aggregation?

    <p>Platelet Activating Factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is histamine primarily found prior to its release during acute inflammation?

    <p>Well-perfused connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of histamine binding to H1 receptors on endothelial cells?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator induces smooth muscle contraction, small blood vessel dilation, and increased vascular permeability?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cytokines and chemokines do in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Play a role in both acute and chronic inflammation and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types produce cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Causes smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxygen-free radicals released by leukocytes?

    <p>Enhances endothelial adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does impaired production of nitric oxide (NO) affect inflammation?

    <p>Reduces leukocyte recruitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell response is caused by high levels of oxygen-free radicals?

    <p>Endothelial adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cytokines and chemokines in inflammation?

    <p>Modulating inflammatory responses in target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells release low levels of oxygen-free radicals?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does blocking nitric oxide (NO) production have on leukocyte recruitment?

    <p>Increases recruitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cytokines and chemokines affect the inflammatory response?

    <p>By regulating recruitment of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nitric oxide in the inflammatory response?

    <p>To antagonize platelet degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system is responsible for the release of eosinophil chemotactic factor-A (ECF-A) to attract eosinophils to the site of inflammation?

    <p>Kinin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system contributes to the inflammatory response by causing vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, and enhancing activity of phagocytes?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system is activated by substances released during tissue destruction and infection, and enhances inflammation through the production of fibrinous network and other by-products?

    <p>Clotting system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system is composed of 20 different proteins, labelled C1 through C9, and is capable of direct destruction of pathogens or can activate and work with other components of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system interacts closely with the clotting system and produces bradykinin which causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, and enhances leukocyte chemotaxis?

    <p>Kinin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by antibodies and requires at least two Ag-Ab complexes to initiate the cascade?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by bacterial carbohydrates and is similar to the classical pathway, but does not require antibodies?

    <p>Lectin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by gram-negative bacterial and fungal cell wall polysaccharides (endotoxins) and begins with activation of C3b?

    <p>Alternative pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor becomes Xa in the clotting system, providing a link between the coagulation system and inflammation?

    <p>Factor Xa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme activates prekallekrein in the kinin cascade?

    <p>Factor XIIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kininogen-derived peptide causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, enhances leukocyte chemotaxis, and stimulates pain receptors?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component causes rapid degranulation of mast cells, increasing the inflammatory response during the complement cascade?

    <p>C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

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