Intercultural Communication Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of communication?

  • To persuade
  • To share ideas and feelings (correct)
  • To entertain
  • To create conflict

Why is communication essential for human interaction?

  • All human contact (correct)
  • Technological development
  • Wealth
  • Scientific research

Which reason explains why people communicate?

  • To control others
  • To satisfy personal needs (correct)
  • To accumulate wealth
  • To reduce confusion

What is a key role of communication in person perception?

<p>Gather information about others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates communication with persuasive qualities?

<p>Giving a speech to sell a product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a dynamic process using symbols in human communication?

<p>A dynamic process using symbols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT considered a component of communication?

<p>Technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does feedback in communication refer to?

<p>The receiver’s response to the sender’s message (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an ineffective way to foster intercultural understanding?

<p>Avoiding face-to-face interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes stereotyping?

<p>A complex form of categorization that organizes experiences and guides behavior toward a group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stereotypes considered detrimental?

<p>They reinforce assumptions about all members of a group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life is it deemed most beneficial to start teaching intercultural communication?

<p>During childhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes prejudice?

<p>A deeply held positive or negative feeling about a group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function of prejudice promotes avoidance of negative beliefs about a particular group?

<p>Ego-defensive function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scapegoating refer to in a sociocultural context?

<p>Identifying a group responsible for societal problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered effective in reducing prejudice?

<p>Encouraging personal contact between in-groups and out-groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a competing stimulus in communication?

<p>A competing stimulus that disrupts communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication referred to as a dynamic process?

<p>It involves ongoing interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when we say that communication is symbolic?

<p>It can be interpreted in many ways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is communication considered contextual?

<p>It depends on the setting and environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What exemplifies communication being self-reflective?

<p>Thinking about your message while communicating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of managing cultural differences poorly?

<p>It can have both positive and negative impacts depending on how cultural differences are managed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication viewed as irreversible?

<p>Once a message is sent, it cannot be taken back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is true for cultural minority groups within organizations?

<p>They feel pressure to conform to the mainstream organizational culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the broader consequences of communication?

<p>It affects how people perceive and think about themselves and others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is culture shock typically experienced in the workplace?

<p>As anxiety and disorientation when navigating unfamiliar cultural contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options represents a misconception about communication?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way organizations can assist employees in overcoming culture shock?

<p>By implementing programs that promote intercultural communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is recommended to enhance intercultural communication?

<p>Implement cultural awareness training programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should companies provide language support resources?

<p>To help employees overcome language barriers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit do diverse teams offer in an organization?

<p>They enhance creativity and problem-solving abilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major benefit of effective intercultural communication?

<p>It promotes inclusivity and better teamwork. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Chinese, Malays, and Indians differ in their views on punctuality?

<p>The Chinese expect punctuality, while Malays and Indians have a more relaxed approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language should be used when communicating with Malaysian government officials?

<p>Bahasa Malaysia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hierarchical structure do Malaysian companies typically have?

<p>Vertical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should business superiors be addressed in Malaysia?

<p>Using titles like 'Mr.' and 'Madam' followed by honorifics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What perception characteristic indicates a tendency to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others?

<p>Selective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do values influence behavior according to the given context?

<p>They determine what is considered good or bad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main trigger for the May 13, 1969, riot in Malaysia?

<p>Political tensions after the General Elections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for Malaysia to maintain stability?

<p>To attract and retain international investors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are gifts not commonly exchanged in Malaysian business culture?

<p>They may be perceived as bribes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two ethnic groups were primarily involved in the 1969 conflict in Malaysia?

<p>Malays and Chinese (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is included in the influences on personal decision-making?

<p>Cultural and familial contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial step is essential in the perception process for managing stimuli?

<p>Selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which way do family interactions influence children's communication competence?

<p>By demonstrating acceptable actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly reflects the relationship between beliefs and behavior?

<p>Beliefs manifest through actions and communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'Insyallah' signify within Arab cultures?

<p>A belief in fate and divine control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of behaviors according to internal factors?

<p>They are outward expressions of internalized beliefs and values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Competing stimulus

A factor that interferes with communication.

Dynamic process of communication

Communication involving ongoing interaction rather than a fixed sequence.

Symbolic communication

Communication that can be interpreted in multiple ways.

Contextual communication

Communication that depends on the setting and environment.

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Self-reflective communication

Thinking about your own message while communicating.

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Irreversible communication

Once a message is sent, it cannot be taken back.

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Consequences of communication

How communication affects perceptions of self and others.

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Misconceptions about communication

Common false beliefs regarding effectiveness and understanding in communication.

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Primary function of communication

To share ideas and feelings.

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Importance of communication

Essential for all human contact.

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Reason to communicate

To satisfy personal needs.

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Gathering information

Communication helps to gather information about others.

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Persuasive communication

Giving a speech to sell a product.

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Encoding in communication

Creating a message using verbal and non-verbal symbols.

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Decoding in communication

Interpreting the message.

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Malaysian ethnic views on punctuality

The Chinese expect punctuality, while Malays and Indians are more relaxed about it.

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Language for government communication

Bahasa Malaysia should be used when communicating with Malaysian government officials.

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Hierarchical structure in Malaysian companies

Malaysian companies typically have a vertical hierarchical structure.

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Addressing business superiors in Malaysia

Use titles like 'Mr.' and 'Madam' followed by honorifics to address superiors.

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Common greeting for Malay Muslims

'Salaam alaykum' is a common greeting among Malay Muslims.

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Gift exchange in Malaysian business culture

Gifts in Malaysian business culture may be perceived as bribes and are not commonly exchanged.

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1969 ethnic conflict in Malaysia

The conflict in 1969 was primarily between Malays and Chinese.

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Reason for maintaining stability in Malaysia

Malaysia must maintain stability to attract and retain international investors.

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Stereotyping

A complex form of categorization that organizes experiences and guides behavior toward a group.

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Problems of Stereotypes

They assume culture-specific traits apply to all members of a group.

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When to Teach Intercultural Communication

The best time to teach is during childhood.

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Prejudice

A deeply held positive or negative feeling about a group.

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Ego-defensive Function of Prejudice

Allows individuals to deny negative beliefs about a group.

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Scapegoating

Blaming a minority group for societal issues.

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First Level of Prejudice

According to Professor Allport, the first level is Antilocution.

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Avoiding Prejudice

Increasing personal contact between in-group and out-group individuals helps avoid prejudice.

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Elderly Wisdom

Elderly people are often respected for their life experiences and knowledge.

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Communication Skills Development

Skills are developed through observation, instruction, imitation, and practice within the family.

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Family Influence on Communication

Families shape acceptable verbal and nonverbal actions in children.

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Influence on Decision-Making

Culture, family, and religion influence decisions on thoughts and actions.

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First Step in Perception Process

Selection is the first step in managing stimuli in perception.

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Characteristics of Perception

Perception is selective, learned, and can be inaccurate.

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Beliefs Reflected In

Beliefs are shown through actions and communication behaviors.

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Values Guide Judgments

Values help determine what is considered good, bad, right, or wrong.

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Cultural impacts management

Cultural differences can yield both positive and negative impacts based on management techniques.

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Cultural minority pressure

Cultural minority groups often feel pressure to conform to the mainstream culture in organizations.

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Culture shock

Culture shock refers to anxiety and disorientation when encountering an unfamiliar culture.

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Overcoming culture shock

Organizations can help employees overcome culture shock by promoting intercultural communication and healthy interactions.

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Cultural awareness training

Implementing cultural awareness training programs is a recommended strategy for successful intercultural communication.

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Language support resources

Providing language support helps employees overcome barriers and facilitates better communication.

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Diverse teams advantage

Forming diverse teams enhances creativity and problem-solving capabilities in organizations.

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Effective intercultural communication

Effective intercultural communication can significantly benefit organizations by increasing collaboration and productivity.

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Study Notes

Intercultural Communication Study Notes

  • Common Settings: Intercultural communication occurs in classrooms, workplaces, and healthcare settings.

  • Globalization Example: Reliance on global food imports exemplifies the interconnectedness of economies.

  • Intercultural Communication Importance: Essential for world peace, promoting ecological viability, and improving co-cultural relationships.

  • Intercultural Cooperation Requirements: Essential for economic benefits, environmental resources, and transnational cooperation.

  • Healthcare Advancements Impact: Advances in healthcare and sanitation have led to population growth.

  • Mass Migration Drivers: Poverty, political oppression, and economic opportunities are the main drivers of mass migration.

  • Immigrant Settlement Patterns: Immigrants tend to settle in urban areas.

  • Aging Population Concerns: Economic and social impacts are key concerns relating to the aging population.

  • Ecological Concern: Climate change and pollution are ecological concerns.

  • Global Cooperation in Disaster Relief: Requires intercultural communication competence.

  • Global Threats: Weapons of mass destruction are a global threat.

  • IT Globalization Consequences: Segregation of cultures is a result.

  • Cultural Generalization Challenges: Generalizing entire groups based on limited examples is a key challenge

  • Ethnocentrism Definition: The belief that one's culture is superior to others.

  • Cultural Conflict Cause: Differing perceptions of right and wrong lead to cultural conflicts

  • Intercultural Conflict Resolution Myth: Communication isn't a universal cure for intercultural conflict

  • Intercultural Communication Objectivity: Objectivity in intercultural communication requires being unbiased and not influenced by personal feelings

  • Communication Functions: To share ideas and feelings, entertain, and create conflict.

  • Personal Identity Components: Family ties, cultural beliefs, and gender attitudes are components.

  • Persuasive Communication Example: Giving a speech to sell a product is an example

  • Communication Definition: Human communication is a dynamic process using symbols

  • Components of Communication: Source, channel, technology, and feedback

  • Cultural Learning Process: Learned informally through observation and interaction.

  • Culture Definition: Culture is communication and communication is culture: a set of religious practices, a social organization, and passed down through generations.

  • Culture Components: relating to other people, how we think, how we behave, and how we view the world. Shared experiences; can be transmitted through formal education; or based on individual beliefs.

  • Cultural Messaging Transmission: Cultural inheritance is the process of passing essential cultural messages to future generations.

  • Communication Wisdom Sharing: Language, art, media , and folklore are ways to share wisdom through observations and experiences

  • Cultural Conflict Resolution Needs: The necessity of compromise

  • Consequences of Communication: Affects how people perceive and think about themselves and others; leads to conflict

  • Cultural Misconceptions

    • Some people are born effective communicators
    • The message sent is always received the same
  • Culturally Responsive Communication: Includes creating a supportive climate, focusing on the dominant culture, and avoiding generalizations.

  • Intercultural Communication Competency Definition: The ability to behave appropriately and effectively within a given context according to Spitzberg.

  • Intercultural Communication Challenges

    • Language barriers
    • Stereotypes
    • Cultural differences
    • Prejudice
    • Scapegoating
    • Managing a diverse workforce
  • Handling Intercultural Communication: Be sensitive to other cultures, avoid generalizations, and be open-minded; build bridges between home and school experiences

  • Importance of Managing Diverse Workforce: Helps harness full potential of teams across borders.

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