Interactions in Ecosystems

<p>Parasitism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stabilize shorelines and reduce wave impact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brackish water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clownfish living in a sea anemone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectonic movements releasing minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help capture sunlight for photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To access sunlight for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rock Salt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plankton are plant-like, while zooplankton are animal-like (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The salt content is relatively constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help plankton move and catch food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous input and output of dissolved salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To obtain dissolved salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation increases salinity, while precipitation decreases salinity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lowers the freezing point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing deeply trapped substances like chlorine and sulfur through outgassing from volcanoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herbivore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of rainfall in the area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represents a linear relationship between organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumers consume producers to gain energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decomposers obtain energy from breaking down dead organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of ecosystems with similar abiotic factors and dominant communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fishing pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bar Built Estuary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A jackfish swimming alongside a shark. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They filter out toxic pollutants, excess nutrients, and sediments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They receive a mixture of freshwater and saltwater, providing abundant nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent water temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It designates certain estuaries as protected areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located in the Pelagic zone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characterized by the presence of chemosynthetic organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove excess salt from their tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of interactions among and between organisms and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main energy source for life on Earth is the sun. Autotrophs, such as plants, harness this energy through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each step in a food chain or web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producers/Autotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumers/Heterotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A producer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A food chain shows a single path of energy transfer, while a food web depicts interconnected food chains, showcasing a more complex network of energy flow in a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrow represents the flow of energy from the organism being eaten (prey) to the organism consuming it (predator).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions create a web of interdependence between organisms and their environment, fostering a complex balance and contributing to the intricate functioning of the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual living thing made up of one or many cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups of different populations that live in the same area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All organisms in specific areas plus non-living, physical environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of ecosystems with the same climate and dominant communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All living parts of the planet - from 8 km above to 11 km below earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Where an organism lives (its address).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A close and long-term interaction between two different species that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms of two species use the same limited resource, leading to a negative impact on each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A member of one species, the predator, eats all or part of the body of a member of another species, the prey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long-term, close association between two species in which both benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long-term, close association between two species in which one benefits, and the other is unaffected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long-term, close association between species in which one benefits, and the other is harmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mangroves thrive in warm, salty environments, often found in tropical and subtropical regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Places where freshwater from rivers mixes with salty ocean water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of salt and freshwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development, dredging, disposal of dredged sediments, and toxic runoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system created by Congress in 1972 to protect and manage estuaries across the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms living in estuaries have evolved adaptations to tolerate varying salinity levels, such as strong shells in oysters and the ability to migrate with tides in fish and zooplankton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total quantity or concentration of dissolved inorganic solids in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium chloride (NaCl).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolved salts attract water molecules, making it harder for seawater to evaporate compared to freshwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ocean's salts come from a variety of sources, including rain, groundwater, crashing waves, river water, and hydrothermal vents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectonic movements release substances like carbon dioxide, chlorine, sulfur, hydrogen, fluorine, and nitrogen through volcanic activity and rift vents, contributing to the ocean's composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportions and amounts of dissolved salts per unit volume of ocean remain relatively stable because the ocean is constantly receiving and losing salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, plant-like organisms that live in the water and produce their own food through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whip-like tails used by some plankton to move through the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiny, hair-like structures that help some plankton move and capture food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A green substance in phytoplankton that helps them convert sunlight into food through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maximize access to sunlight for photosynthesis, which is essential for their survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find optimal light conditions for photosynthesis, avoid predators, and maintain their place in the food chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between biotic and abiotic factors that affects organisms and ecosystems.

A long-term interaction between two different species, can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.

When two species compete for the same limited resources, negatively impacting each other.

A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other.

Coastal trees/shrubs that thrive in salty environments, vital for ecosystems.

Where freshwater from rivers meets salty ocean water, creating productive ecosystems.

A mix of sodium and chlorine, primarily used for seasoning.

A mineral compound made of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).

Salts enter oceans via rain, groundwater, rivers, and surf.

Salts in ocean water maintain nearly constant proportions.

Small, plant-like organisms in water that perform photosynthesis.

Animal-like organisms that drift in water and may consume others.

Green pigment in phytoplankton that captures sunlight for photosynthesis.

Structures that help plankton move—flagella are whip-like, cilia are tiny hairs.

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

The transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

The levels in a food chain showing different roles of organisms in energy transfer.

Autotrophs that make their own food using sunlight or chemicals.

The first consumer in a food chain, usually herbivores that eat producers.

Organisms that break down dead matter, recycling nutrients into the soil.

Food chains show linear energy transfers, while food webs show interconnected chains in a community.

Biotic factors are living influences; abiotic factors are non-living characteristics affecting organisms.

The total concentration of dissolved solids in ocean water, typically around 3.5%.

Changes in salinity due to precipitation, evaporation, and runoff from land.

The salts in seawater, primarily sodium chloride, that affect water properties.

The most abundant ion in seawater, making up a significant portion of dissolved salts.

Underwater openings that release minerals into the ocean, contributing to salt content.

Earth processes that supply minerals to seawater through volcanic activity and rifting.

The upward and downward movement of plankton to optimize light exposure and avoid predators.

Plant-like plankton that use photosynthesis to produce their food.

Animal-like plankton that drift in water and feed on other organisms.

The proportion of dissolved materials in seawater, affecting density and evaporation.

Where an organism lives, like its address.

The role and use of resources by an organism in its habitat.

Water portion of the ocean divided into zones, including Neritic and Oceanic.

The ocean area between the low tide mark and the continental shelf.

Upper Oceanic zone with light penetration, where most marine life exists.

Middle Oceanic layer with limited sunlight, from 200m to 1000m deep.

Deep ocean zone below 4000m, known for its extreme depths.

Sunlit zone where light penetrates down to 200m, supporting abundant life.

A mixture of saltwater and freshwater found in estuaries.

Biodiverse underwater ecosystems formed by coral polyps.

Organisms that obtain energy by eating others; heterotrophs.

2nd level consumers that eat primary consumers; can be carnivores or omnivores.

3rd level consumers that eat secondary consumers; often top predators.

A linear representation of energy transfer between organisms.

Complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.

Living influences that affect organisms in an ecosystem.

Non-living characteristics that shape ecosystems, like climate and soil type.

Twilight zone of the ocean from 200m to 1000m where light decreases rapidly.

The measure of dissolved salts in water, affecting marine life.

Distinct regions of the ocean, including neritic and pelagic zones.

Area between high and low tide marks, rich in marine life.

The ocean floor, home to various organisms adapted to its conditions.

Species that inhabit estuaries during specific seasons, often as juveniles.

The variety of species in ocean ecosystems, essential for resilience and balance.

The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.