Intelligent Systems - Reasoning Types

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Questions and Answers

What was the percentage increase in the advertising budget from the previous year?

10%

15% (correct)

20%

25%

What was the actual percentage increase in product sales when the advertising budget was increased by 15%?

20%

25% (correct)

30%

15%

What is the expected percentage increase in sales if the advertising budget is increased by 20%?

15%

25%

30% (correct)

35%

If the sales increase is proportional to the advertising budget increase, what percentage increase is expected with a 15% increase?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What could be inferred about the relationship between advertising budget increases and sales increases?

There seems to be a consistent correlation between budget increase and sales increase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue the kindergarten teacher is facing?

Students are not engaged during class. Signup and view all the answers

What solution does the kindergarten teacher implement to address the issue?

Adding an extra activity break. Signup and view all the answers

What timeframe does the extra activity break occur in relation to the school schedule?

One hour after school starts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might NOT be a likely reason for the kindergarten teacher to struggle with attention?

There are too many breaks during the day. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the kindergarten teacher's approach to teaching based on the added activity break?

She recognizes the need for movement to sustain attention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the market mentioned?

To ensure customer satisfaction through diverse product ranges Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the service approach of the market?

Supporting a wide range of customer needs during shopping Signup and view all the answers

How does the market adapt to customer requirements while shopping?

By inquiring about customer needs before they start shopping Signup and view all the answers

What strategy does the market employ to meet the needs of its customers?

Engaging customers in discussions about their shopping list Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential flaw in the market's approach as described?

It may overlook niche markets by focusing on general needs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the results obtained through deductive reasoning?

They typically have logical certainty. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of marketing, what example illustrates the use of deductive reasoning?

Evaluating data to reaffirm knowledge of a target demographic. Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the role of data in deductive reasoning?

Data supports the logical certainty of conclusions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding deductive reasoning?

It leads to definitive conclusions based on existing information. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome does NOT typically result from deductive reasoning?

Long-term predictions about the market. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does critical thinking primarily influence in relation to emotional matters?

Clarifying complex issues Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the intersection of critical thinking with emotional matters?

It enhances understanding and coping strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of applying critical thinking to gray areas?

It results in clearer judgments Signup and view all the answers

What action is the general manager of the family restaurant taking in response to the impending strike?

Ordering extra baked goods to freeze Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of planning a distributor during the strike?

To maintain a steady supply of products Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a likely consequence of the bakery strike?

The supply chain for the restaurant will face disruptions. Signup and view all the answers

What strategic move is implied by the general manager in anticipation of the strike?

Establishing relationships with alternative suppliers Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the importance of the bakery to the restaurant's operations?

The bakery provides essential baked goods that are critical to the restaurant. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intelligent Systems - Reasoning Representation

Reasoning is the ability to assess things rationally using logic based on existing or new information when making decisions or solving problems.
Reasoning helps weigh advantages/disadvantages of different courses of action, solve problems, handle uncertainty, verify claims, and assess situations carefully for best outcomes.
Reasoning comes in various forms, from everyday decisions to complex AI algorithms.
Reasoning can be categorized into seven basic types.
Understanding reasoning types helps evaluate and improve decision-making.

Types of Reasoning

Deductive reasoning: Uses formal logic and observations to prove theories/hypotheses. Starts with an assumption and uses observations to validate/refute it. Deductive reasoning often leads to logically certain results when applied correctly.
- Example: A marketing team observes young parents are their largest customer demographic and allocates more budget to social media to target that group.
Inductive reasoning: Uses theories and assumptions to validate observations. Works from specific cases to a general rule. This type of reasoning isn't always certain as it makes generalizations.
- Example: A kindergarten teacher notices better attention spans after adding a short activity break and decides to continue the break due to the improved classroom behavior.
Analogical reasoning: Finds similarities between things to identify other similar qualities. Leveraging patterns and associations to aid understanding and expand knowledge.
- Example: Businesses use a supermarket analogy to plan for a new product line, evaluating how to provide customers everything they need.
Abductive reasoning: Uses observations to reach a logical conclusion, often making educated guesses in the face of uncertainty.
- Example: Salesperson receives a short message from a client about an issue. The salesperson, through limited information, must narrow down possible concerns related to the message.
Cause-and-effect reasoning: Shows the link between two events. Used to explain why things happen when certain conditions are present. Often used in everyday decisions and by businesses and professionals in prediction analysis.
- Example: A marketing agency shows how increased advertising budget in year one led to a 10% increase in sales. This points to effectiveness, and they can use similar reasoning to request future budget increases.
Critical thinking: Involves extensive, rational thought on a specific subject to reach a definitive conclusion
- Useful in many fields including computing, engineering, social sciences, and logic
- Used for evaluating authenticity of different things like art, film, etc.
- A crucial part of problem-solving, including troubleshooting
- Important for understanding complexities or "gray areas" where definitive answers are hard to find
- Example: A restaurant manager learns a key bakery supplier is going on strike. This leads to purchasing additional prepared goods and finding an alternate supplier.
Decompositional reasoning: Breaks down complex things into smaller parts to understand each part's function and interaction contributing to the whole.
- Used in many areas from managing projects to product development, engineering, science and others

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Description

This quiz explores the various types of reasoning used in intelligent systems, emphasizing the importance of rational assessment in decision-making. From everyday choices to complex AI algorithms, understanding these reasoning types is crucial for evaluating and improving outcomes. Test your knowledge on deductive reasoning and its applications.