Intellectual Property Rights in Education
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Which of the following actions constitutes a violation of intellectual property rights, specifically regarding the unauthorized use of copyrighted material from an educational institution?

  • Storing a personal copy of the material on a password-protected personal hard drive for individual study.
  • Distributing a limited number of printed copies of the material to immediate family members for informational purposes only.
  • Quoting brief excerpts from the material, with proper attribution, in a research paper submitted for academic evaluation.
  • Sharing the material on a publicly accessible website without obtaining explicit permission from the institution. (correct)

Why does an educational institution typically enforce strict regulations regarding the reproduction and distribution of its proprietary materials?

  • To comply with copyright laws, protect its intellectual property, and maintain the integrity of its educational resources. (correct)
  • To inflate the perceived value of its courses and programs.
  • To limit access to information, fostering exclusivity among students.
  • To hinder the dissemination of knowledge and maintain a competitive advantage over other institutions.

An instructor discovers a student has uploaded course materials to a file-sharing website. Besides facing legal consequences, what other repercussions might the student encounter?

  • Disciplinary actions from the educational institution, such as suspension or expulsion. (correct)
  • A commendation for enhancing resource accessibility.
  • No repercussions, provided the material is freely available elsewhere.
  • A request to moderate the file-sharing website.

In what scenario would reproducing and distributing portions of a copyrighted educational document be permissible without explicit consent from the institution?

<p>If the use falls under fair use principles, such as for criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'prior written permission' from an educational institution regarding the use of its copyrighted materials?

<p>A formal document, either physical or electronic, explicitly granting authorization for specific uses, signed by an authorized representative of the institution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its CPU, memory, and input/output circuitry on a single board is best described as what type of computer?

<p>Microcomputer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks were minicomputers primarily used for?

<p>Word processing and accounting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of computer is most likely to be used for intensive graphical applications?

<p>Workstation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of an embedded computer?

<p>Its integration of hardware and software for a specific function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key attribute of personal computers (PCs) when compared to workstations?

<p>They are more affordable and easier to use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context would an embedded computer most likely be found?

<p>Integrated into a washing machine to control the wash cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following computer types is characterized by its compact size, capable of fitting in the palm of your hand?

<p>Mini PC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a microcomputer from other types of computers?

<p>Having a microprocessor as its central processing unit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of the World Wide Web impact internet accessibility?

<p>It made the internet accessible to non-technical users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary characteristic of the dot-com bubble in the late 1990s?

<p>A surge of internet-based companies followed by a market collapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement is most associated with revolutionizing mobile computing in 2007?

<p>The introduction of the iPhone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of cloud computing services like AWS and Microsoft Azure for businesses?

<p>They provide scalable and on-demand computing resources over the internet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way have advancements in AI and ML impacted technology?

<p>They have resulted in breakthroughs like natural language processing and autonomous vehicles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do quantum computers offer over traditional computers?

<p>The ability to perform complex calculations exponentially faster. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates the application of cloud computing?

<p>A startup uses remote servers to handle increased website traffic during a product launch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a self-driving car navigating city streets. Which advancement plays the MOST critical role in enabling the car to perceive and react to its environment?

<p>Machine Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a product innovation during the First Industrial Revolution?

<p>The change from producing vegetables using basic farming to using chemicals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant advancement during the Second Industrial Revolution that contributed to the development of modern transportation?

<p>The development of the internal-combustion engine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communication advancement is most directly associated with the Second Industrial Revolution?

<p>The telegraph. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the First Industrial Revolution primarily transform production systems?

<p>By transitioning from manual labor to mechanical methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product or service was a hallmark of the Second Industrial Revolution, greatly influencing technological advancements?

<p>Electricity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which Industrial Revolution did railroads first emerge as a significant mode of transportation?

<p>The First Industrial Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between product innovations in the First and Second Industrial Revolutions?

<p>First focused on textiles and iron, while the second emphasized electricity and steel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what geographical area did the First Industrial Revolution primarily begin?

<p>England (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of a broadly applicable technology ensures its impact extends beyond replacing existing methods?

<p>Strong complementarities with existing or potential new technologies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a broadly applicable technology from one with limited impact?

<p>It has potential use across many different types of industries and consumers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 5% growth in UK productivity typically indicate about the economy?

<p>The UK economy can produce 5% more output (GDP) with the same amount of inputs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of manufacturing, how is labor productivity typically measured?

<p>Output produced per hour of labor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario demonstrates a direct increase in labor productivity?

<p>A company invests in new equipment, and its employees produce more goods in less time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate definition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

<p>The total monetary or market value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most direct way to measure the labor productivity of a national economy?

<p>Total output divided by total labor hours in the year. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary requirements for a new technology to have a broad impact on various production and distrubution systems?

<p>It has strong complementarities with existing or potential new technologies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would the embedded computer in a washing machine differ significantly from one in a Nikon camera?

<p>Each embedded computer is designed to execute specific tasks, leading to distinct software and hardware configurations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in the design of an embedded computer installed under the hood of a car, compared to one inside the car's dashboard?

<p>The under-hood computer needs to withstand higher temperatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what fundamental way do computers used by large organizations differ from embedded computers in everyday devices?

<p>Organizational computers typically manage larger datasets and more simultaneous users. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the abacus contribute to the evolution of computing?

<p>It provided a manual tool for basic arithmetic operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Pascal's invention of the Pascaline a significant advancement in the pre-computer era?

<p>It automated addition and subtraction using gears and wheels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily dictates the processing power requirements of a computer?

<p>The type and volume of data being processed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An engineer is designing an embedded system for a new medical device. What is the MOST important factor they must consider when selecting the hardware?

<p>The system's ability to withstand the specific environmental conditions and perform its intended tasks reliably. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before the 20th century, what was the MAIN limitation of calculating devices like the abacus and Pascaline?

<p>Their manual operation, restricting speed and complexity of calculations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Module Purpose

A module designed for the course 'Living in the IT Era'.

Department Focus

The department responsible for Computer Science and Computer Applications.

School Abbreviation: SAMCIS

The school which contains the accountancy, management, computing and information studies department.

Property Rights

Material is owned by and intended for use within SLU; unauthorized distribution is prohibited.

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GIT

An IT tool for tracking changes in computer files and coordinating work on those files among multiple people.

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Minicomputer

A mid-range computer used for process control, financial, and administrative tasks.

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Microcomputer

A computer with a microprocessor as its CPU, also known as a personal computer (PC).

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Microcomputer uses

Word processing, database and spreadsheet management, graphics, and general office applications.

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Workstations

Desktop machines mostly used for intensive graphical applications.

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Personal Computers

Affordable and easy-to-use computers intended for a single user.

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Mini PCs

Tiny computers that can fit in the palm of your hand.

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Microcomputer CPU

A computer that uses a microprocessor as its Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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Embedded Computer

A hardware and software combination designed to perform a specific function within a larger system.

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Embedded Software

The software is designed to execute specific tasks, so it varies greatly between devices.

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Embedded Hardware

Designed to withstand environmental stresses (e.g., temperature, vibration).

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Abacus

A manual calculating tool using beads on rods for arithmetic.

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Pascaline

An early mechanical calculator using gears/wheels to perform addition and subtraction.

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Ubiquitous Embedded Computers

Computers found in everyday devices, from phones to cars.

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Embedded Software's Distinctness

Task-specific; software differs between devices.

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Embedded Hardware Resilience

Endure environment (heat, vibration).

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Tim Berners-Lee

The inventor of the World Wide Web in 1989, making the internet accessible to a broader audience.

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Dot-com Bubble

A period in the late 1990s when internet-based companies rapidly emerged, followed by a market collapse in the early 2000s.

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Smartphones and Tablets

Mobile computing devices introduced in 2007 that revolutionized how we access and use the internet.

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Cloud Computing

Services providing on-demand computing resources over the internet.

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AI and Machine Learning

Areas of computer science focused on enabling machines to learn and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

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Quantum Computing

Computers that use quantum mechanics to perform complex calculations much faster than traditional computers.

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Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Providing scalable and on-demand computing resources over the internet.

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Microsoft Azure

Providing scalable and on-demand computing resources over the internet with focus on enterprise.

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Innovation

The commercialization and improvement of existing products or processes.

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Product Innovation

Introduction of a completely new product to the market.

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Process Innovation

Improving the efficiency of existing production methods.

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First Industrial Revolution

Began in England in the late 18th century, focusing on textile manufacturing.

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Cort's Process

Iron production innovation involving puddling and rolling.

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Watt Steam Engine

A key invention of the First Industrial Revolution.

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Second Industrial Revolution

Marked by electricity, the internal combustion engine, and chemical advancements.

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Second Industrial Revolution Products

Examples include electricity, chemicals, petroleum, steel, automobiles and aircrafts.

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Broad Applicability

Applicable across many sectors and consumers, not limited to one industry.

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Wide Variety of Uses

Usable in a diverse array of products and processes, not just a single product line.

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Strong Complementarities

Works well with existing technologies, enhancing rather than only replacing them.

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Productivity

The measure of efficiency in converting inputs into useful outputs.

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Labor Productivity

Output produced per hour of labor.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total monetary value of goods and services produced within a country in a period.

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Labor Productivity (Calculation)

Total output divided by total labor hours.

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Productivity Growth

Means the economy can produce more output with same amount of inputs.

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Study Notes

Module 1: Information Technology in Basics

Unit 01: Information Technology Defined

  • Information technology means using computers, storage, networking, and devices to create, handle, secure, and share electronic data.
  • IT involves the entire process of information, from gathering to sharing, using various methods and tools.
  • In today's world, information reaches people globally in real-time.
  • IT offers opportunities for both personal career growth and business advancements, giving a competitive edge.
  • Individuals need basic computer skills and a knowledge of fundamental technology concepts to thrive in any field.
  • Digital literacy is the ability to find, assess, and communicate information using digital platforms.
  • Computer literacy is the same as digital literacy.
  • Studying IT helps understand hardware and software, and it is a necessary skill at home, work, or school. Mastering IT basics is key to grow knowledge in the future

Unit 02: Components of a Computer System

  • A computer is a collection of parts working together.
  • A computer system is a computer with hardware and software, to carry out certain tasks.
  • A computer consists of four components: hardware, software, data, and the user.

Unit 02 Hardware

  • Hardware is physical computer equipment and devices for major computer functions.
  • The hardware manages data input and information output.

Unit 02 Input Devices

  • Input devices enter data or commands: manual input devices (operated by a human) or automatic input devices (operate themselves).
  • Examples: Keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera, and web cam.

Unit 02 Output devices

  • Output devices convey information to people.
  • Output devices send usable information out of the computer with pieces of hardware.
  • Temporary output devices (monitors) or permanent output devices (printers which output on paper).

Unit 02 Peripheral Devices

  • "Peripheral Devices' are input and output methods such as a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a web cam, a scanner, a joystick, a speaker and a printer
  • Peripheral Devices are non-essential and connect externally, and the system works fine without them

Unit 02 System Unit

  • The System Unit houses electronic components for data processing.
  • The motherboard is the main circuit board, where components plug in directly or through USB ports.
  • The Central Processing Unit (CPU): the brain of the computer, interprets instructions, and manages calculations and data

Unit 02 Memory

  • Memory stores instructions and data for the CPU.
  • There are two types of internal memory "primary storage": RAM and ROM.
  • Read Only Memory (ROM) permanently stores start-up instructions and loads the operating system. These instructions are the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or boot program and cannot be changed by the user. It is fast and does not lose data when power is off. Examples DVD/CD ROMS and font storage in printers

Unit 02 Random Access Memory

  • Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores information currently in use, like word documents or videos.
  • RAM's information can be read and written to. The information also changes depending on what the computer is doing.
  • RAM is fast but volatile: data disappears when the computer turns off. It is measured in gigabytes.
  • More RAM will speed up a computer and the ability to use multiple programs without slowing down.

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Explore intellectual property rights within educational contexts, including copyright regulations and consequences of infringement. Learn about fair use exceptions and the importance of obtaining written permission for copyrighted materials. Understand repercussions of unauthorized distribution of course materials.

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