Intellectual Property, Digital Divide and Addiction

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Questions and Answers

Which scenario constitutes copyright infringement?

  • Referencing someone else's research findings with proper attribution.
  • Using a short excerpt from a novel for a book review.
  • Using a copyrighted image on your personal blog without permission. (correct)
  • Creating a parody song based on a popular hit.

A software company develops a novel algorithm for data compression. To protect their invention, which form of intellectual property is most appropriate?

  • Trademark
  • Trade secret
  • Patent (correct)
  • Copyright

What is the duration of copyright protection typically?

  • 75 years from the date of publication
  • 50 years from the date of creation
  • Life of the author plus 50 years (correct)
  • 20 years from the date of publication

Which scenario exemplifies the economic inequality aspect of the digital divide?

<p>A school district with limited funding struggles to provide enough computers for its students, hindering their access to online educational resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities would most likely be considered cyberbullying?

<p>A group of students creates a fake social media profile to spread rumors about a classmate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action by a media creator would most likely be a violation of Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines?

<p>Reproducing and selling copies of a popular novel without obtaining permission from the copyright holder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding copyright, patent, and plagiarism important in both academic and professional settings?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential consequence of digital addiction poses the biggest risk to an individual's professional life?

<p>Interference with work responsibilities due to excessive gadget use, leading to decreased productivity and potential job loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In academic research, what action constitutes plagiarism?

<p>Copying text from a source without proper citation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'fair use'?

<p>Using copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, commentary, or parody. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A small business owner in a rural area wants to expand their market reach. What initiative could they undertake to address the digital divide and connect with more customers?

<p>Partnering with a local library to offer free computer classes to community residents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student spends so much time online gaming that his grades are falling, he's neglecting his family, and he's experiencing sleep deprivation. Which of these strategies represents the most effective first step in addressing this situation?

<p>Seeking professional counseling or therapy to address the underlying causes of the addiction and develop coping mechanisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which font type is generally preferred for body text in printed books due to its classic and elegant appearance?

<p>Times New Roman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What design principle suggests that related text elements should be positioned closely together?

<p>Proximity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of text elements in design, what is the primary goal of organization?

<p>To arrange text elements so they are connected yet distinct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Sans Serif fonts?

<p>They have a clean, minimalist appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Sans Serif fonts most commonly used?

<p>Road signage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following design scenarios benefits most from the use of Sans Serif fonts?

<p>Creating a website layout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using 'organization' in text design?

<p>To create a framework for the elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to display the title and subtitle of a document what design principle should you use?

<p>Proximity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are designing a public announcement. What font is most appropriate?

<p>Arial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action constitutes plagiarism?

<p>Presenting another author's work as your own without giving them credit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of media and information literacy, what distinguishes formal sources from informal sources?

<p>Formal sources undergo a review process and are typically published, whereas informal sources are often personal and unedited. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are typefaces typically represented in the digital format?

<p>As a combination of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks and special characters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Design principles are essential considerations in creating effective visual communication. What role does emphasis play in the design of text-based content?

<p>Emphasis makes certain parts of the text stand out to highlight messages or make a point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Appropriateness" is a key consideration in media and information literacy. What does 'appropriateness' refer to in this context?

<p>The complexity of language used is suitable for a specific audience, purpose, or event. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serif typefaces are often recommended for use in printed documents containing a large amount of text. What is the primary reason for this recommendation?

<p>Serif typefaces enhance readability, especially in large blocks of text due to their distinct strokes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you are designing a website for a young audience. Which typeface would be the LEAST appropriate choice?

<p>A traditional serif typeface like Times New Roman. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you are tasked with creating promotional material for a serious academic conference, which typeface attribute would be most important?

<p>The typeface's ability to convey formality and readability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a document, you want to emphasize the key conclusion. What formatting choice would be MOST effective?

<p>Making the text bold or using a larger font size for the conclusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digital Divide

An economic gap in access, use, or knowledge of ICT between different groups.

Digital Addiction

Excessive gadget use that disrupts daily life, affecting work, sleep, relationships, or mood.

Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (RA 8293)

Covers copyright, trademarks, patents, and other forms of intellectual property in the Philippines.

Copyright

Legal protection for literary and creative works.

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Copyright Infringement

Using copyrighted material without permission.

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Fair Use

Using copyrighted work for review, commentary, or parody without permission.

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Patent

A technical solution that's new.

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Plagiarism

Using someone else's language and thoughts without giving credit.

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Cyberbullying

Bullying using electronic technology like social media and texts.

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Text Information

Simple and flexible format of presenting information, hand-written, printed or displayed on screen.

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Different Sources

Information available from various sources, both formal and informal.

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Typeface

The representation or style of text in a digital format, including characters and symbols.

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Serif

A typeface that conveys formality and readability, often used in large amounts of text.

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Emphasis

The importance or value given to a part of text-based content.

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Appropriate

How fitting or suitable the text is for a specific audience, purpose, or event.

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Design Principles

A design principle referring to the arrangement of elements to create visual interest and balance.

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Design Elements

Visual building blocks in graphic design – e.g., lines, color, form, shape, texture, and space.

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Sans Serif

Typefaces with a more modern or minimalist look, often used for headlines and shorter texts.

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Proximity in Text

Refers to how close or far text elements are from each other in a publication.

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Serif Font

A typeface that gives a classic, elegant look often used for titles and headings.

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Examples of Serif Fonts

Examples include Times New Roman, Garamond, and Baskerville.

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Sans Serif Font

A typeface giving a clean or minimalist look to text.

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Usage of Sans Serif

Used for clear, direct meaning, like road signs or nutrition facts.

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Examples of Sans Serif Fonts

Examples include Arial, Helvetica and Tahoma

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Text Organization

A conscious effort to organize text elements on a page.

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Purpose of Organization

Ensures text elements are connected while separated.

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Framework Creation

Creating a framework or compartments for elements to fit within.

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Study Notes

  • Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293) covers Copyright and Related Rights, Trademarks and Service Marks, Industrial Designs, Patents, Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, and Protection of Undisclosed Information
  • Legal protection for literary and creative works.
  • Protection lasts for the creator's life + 50 years, after which it enters the public domain
  • Copyright Infringement: Unauthorized use of copyrighted material
  • Fair Use: Using copyrighted material for review, commentary, critic, or parody without permission or payment

Patent

  • Technical solution to a new societal problem; an invention (the mechanism)

Plagiarism

  • Using another author's language and thoughts without permission
  • Representing the author's work as one's own without crediting them

Digital Divide

  • Economic inequality in access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT

Digital Addiction

  • Excessive gadget use interfering with daily life: work, sleep, social interaction, mood, relationships, or thought processes

Cyberbullying

  • Bullying that takes place online or using electronic technology

Text Information

  • Can be written in Roman alphabet or other language-appropriate script

Text

  • A flexible format for information, handwritten, printed, or on-screen; available in formal (news, books) or informal (blogs, texts) sources

Typefaces

  • Representation or style of text in digital format, with alphabets, numbers, punctuation, symbols

Serif

  • Formality and readability in large texts.
  • Used for body text in books, newspapers, magazines, research publications
  • Gives a classic/elegant look for titles/headings

Sans Serif

  • Clean, minimalist look
  • For clear, direct text (road signs, directories, nutrition facts)
  • Modern look, primarily in webpage design

Slab Serif

  • Solid/heavy look
  • Used for large advertising (billboards)

Script

  • Brush-like strokes, attention-grabbing
  • Used sparingly, not for body text
  • Used in wedding invitations and formal events

Decorative

  • Caters to varied emotions (celebration, horror) or themes (cowboys, holidays, summer, etc)

Emphasis

  • Importance or value given to part of text-based content
  • Achieved by bolding, italicizing, using heavier weight, darkening, lightening, or enlarging

Appropriateness

  • How fitting/suitable the text is for its audience, purpose, or event

Proximity

  • How close/far text elements are.
  • Related elements are placed close; otherwise, they stay apart (e.g., main title and subtitle)

Organization

  • Conscious effort to organize text elements, creating a framework or compartments

Alignment

  • How text is positioned on the page (left, right, center, justified)

Repetition

  • Consistency of elements for unity
  • Repeating typefaces within the page

Contrast

  • Visual interest created by elements' differences; achieved by joining large/small fonts; serif/sans serif, thin/thick elements, cool/warm colors

Visual Information

  • Includes things that we see, like photography, graphics, models, displays, motion picture, and video.
  • It represents an idea, concept, or emotion using different forms

Types Of Visual Media

  • Photography
  • Video
  • Screenshots
  • Infographics
  • Data visualization
  • Comic strips
  • Cartoons
  • Memes
  • Visual note taking

Center of Interest

  • Is the area that attracts attention in a composition

Balance

  • A feeling of visual quality in shape, form, value and color

Harmony

  • Brings together a composition with similar units

Contrast

  • Offers some change in value creating visual discord in a composition

Consistency

  • Of margins, typeface, typestyle and colors
  • Ensures repeated elements such as consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents that are more than one page

Directional Movement

  • A visual flow through the composition.

Rhythm

  • Elements recur regularly

Perspective

  • Arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space, creating real-life appearance; learned meaning of objects' relationships

Audio Information

  • Any sound perceived/processed by ears/brain

Hearing vs. Listening

  • Hearing: perceiving sound; Listening, conscious concentration for meaning, leading to learning

Elements of Sound Design

  • Dialogue: Speech, conversation, voice-over
  • Sound Effects: Any sound besides music or dialogue
  • Music: Vocal/instrumental sounds to produce form, harmony, emotion
  • Absence of audio or sound

Transitions

  • How you get from one segment or element to another

Segue

  • One element stops, the next begins

Waterfall

  • As the first element fades out, the second element begins at full volume

Cross-fade

  • One element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the way

V-fade

  • First element fades to inaudible, before the second element begins.

B4 Motion Media and Information

  • Graphics, footage, videos + audio, text, and/or interactive to create multimedia
  • Pictures are frames; motion is created by rendering/showing frames consecutively (24 FPS+ for smooth animation)
  • Storyboard: Follows story sequence

Technical way of detecting Fake Video

  • Smoothness of video - Movements not smooth
  • Lighting coverage matches - Look at shadow
  • Scale and size consistent- Refers to objects' size, resizing objects uniformly

Advantages of Motion Media and Information

  • Captures/repeats motion
  • Shows detailed processes/sequences
  • Simulations allow safe observation
  • Transcends cultures/groups
  • Recreates scenes, history, events
  • Enables emotional learning

B5. Manipulative Media and Information / Interactive Media

  • Interactive Media: Program outputs depend on user inputs, affecting program outputs in turn (websites, video games)
  • Interactivity: Communication between humans and computer software, constant in games, also in database/financial applications

B6 Multimedia

  • Various Media content forms using a combination of plateforms
  • Dave Marshall: a form of media that is computer-controlled using integration of test, graphics, drawings, still and moving images, animation, audio and other media

Design Process

  • Pre-production: Research, storyboarding, plan
  • Production: Creating product
  • Post-production: Evaluation, redesign, documentation
  • Presentation: Showcasing, gathering comments

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