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Questions and Answers
What is a commonly used IQ score threshold for diagnosing intellectual disabilities?
What is a commonly used IQ score threshold for diagnosing intellectual disabilities?
Which of the following describes adaptive behavior in individuals with intellectual disabilities?
Which of the following describes adaptive behavior in individuals with intellectual disabilities?
How have societal attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities evolved?
How have societal attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities evolved?
What was a major consequence of the eugenics movement for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
What was a major consequence of the eugenics movement for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
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What is a characteristic common among individuals with intellectual disabilities?
What is a characteristic common among individuals with intellectual disabilities?
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Which of the following statements about the Kallikak Family Study is true?
Which of the following statements about the Kallikak Family Study is true?
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What role did national advocacy groups, like The Arc, play for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
What role did national advocacy groups, like The Arc, play for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
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What is the purpose of standardized intelligence tests in the assessment of intellectual disabilities?
What is the purpose of standardized intelligence tests in the assessment of intellectual disabilities?
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What is indicated by a score below 70-75 in intelligence assessment?
What is indicated by a score below 70-75 in intelligence assessment?
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Which of the following best describes 'pervasive' support in the context of support levels?
Which of the following best describes 'pervasive' support in the context of support levels?
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Which prenatal condition is most likely linked to intellectual disabilities?
Which prenatal condition is most likely linked to intellectual disabilities?
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What is one of the primary focuses in the transition from school to adulthood for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
What is one of the primary focuses in the transition from school to adulthood for individuals with intellectual disabilities?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT used to enhance classroom management for students with intellectual disabilities?
Which of the following strategies is NOT used to enhance classroom management for students with intellectual disabilities?
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What is an example of a postnatal environmental factor that could lead to intellectual disabilities?
What is an example of a postnatal environmental factor that could lead to intellectual disabilities?
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In behavior modification, which principle involves using easier tasks to build success before transitioning to harder ones?
In behavior modification, which principle involves using easier tasks to build success before transitioning to harder ones?
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What is an essential role of parents of children with intellectual disabilities in their education?
What is an essential role of parents of children with intellectual disabilities in their education?
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Study Notes
Intellectual Disabilities: Overview
- Intellectual disability involves significantly below-average general intellectual functioning, combined with deficits in adaptive behaviors, evident during the developmental period and affecting educational performance.
- An IQ score below 70-75 often indicates intellectual disability.
- Adaptive behaviors encompass conceptual, social, and practical skills needed for daily life.
Conceptual Skills
- These include literacy, understanding concepts of number, money, and time.
Social Skills
- Include interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, problem-solving, and following rules.
Practical Skills
- Involve activities of daily living (e.g., personal care), occupational skills, money management, safety, healthcare, travel, routines, and telephone use.
Common Characteristics
- Challenges in cognitive functioning and adaptive behaviors.
- Difficulty with problem-solving, reasoning, and academic learning.
- Limited communication and social interaction skills.
Historical Background: Attitudes
- Societal views have evolved from rejection and isolation to acceptance and inclusion.
- The eugenics movement advocated for sterilization or institutionalization of individuals with intellectual disabilities.
- Historically, many individuals with intellectual disabilities were institutionalized in large, isolated facilities.
- The Kallikak Family Study incorrectly linked intellectual disabilities to heredity.
Parent Groups and National Associations
- Advocacy groups like The Arc have increased support and recognition for individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families.
Assessment
- Standardized intelligence tests (e.g., IQ tests) measure cognitive abilities.
- Tools like the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales evaluate conceptual, social, and practical skills.
Assessment of Support Levels
- Support levels are described as intermittent, limited, extensive, or pervasive, depending on the intensity and frequency of assistance needed.
Causation
- Prenatal factors like genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome) and metabolic disorders.
- Perinatal complications like oxygen deprivation or prematurity.
- Postnatal factors such as infections, malnutrition, or lack of early stimulation.
- Many cases have unknown causes.
Education
- Academic and functional needs are emphasized, focusing on basic literacy, numeracy, life skills, and vocational training.
- Inclusive education integrates students with intellectual disabilities into general education classrooms.
- Transition from school to adulthood focuses on vocational training, independent living skills, and community participation.
Classroom Management and Teaching Strategies
- Collaboration and communication with families are crucial.
- Recommendations to parents include encouraging involvement in their child's education and advocating for necessary supports.
- Behavioral interventions use the A-B-C model (antecedents, behavior, consequences) and reinforcements to support desired behaviors.
- Strategies include visual schedules, social stories, video modeling, and token economies.
Resources
- Educational resources like Exceptional Learners by Hallahan, Kauffman, and Pullen.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of intellectual disabilities, defining key concepts such as intellectual functioning, adaptive behaviors, and their implications for educational performance. It covers various skill areas including conceptual, social, and practical skills, while highlighting common characteristics associated with intellectual disabilities.
