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Questions and Answers
What differentiates humans from animals according to their cognitive abilities?
Which of the following best describes the process of thinking?
How do intellect and free will interconnect in decision-making?
What is wisdom defined as in the context of intellect and free will?
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What distinguishes the reasoning of humans from that of animals?
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What role does instinct play in human behavior compared to that of animals?
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What is the significance of pursuing truth in the context of moral living?
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In what way do humans exemplify a greater level of decision-making compared to dogs when it comes to food?
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What is a fundamental reason why a human person should not be treated as a means to an end?
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What is necessary for the good of all in treating individuals?
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Which of the following is required in the formation of a strong moral conscience?
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How is responsible freedom best defined?
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What does internal freedom allow a person to do?
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Which characteristic of people with responsible freedom emphasizes accountability?
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What is an essential element for shaping one’s identity according to responsible freedom?
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Which statement best encapsulates the definition of freedom?
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What does the preferential option for the less fortunate aim to strengthen?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended way to defend the rights and dignity of Indigenous Peoples?
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Which statement best represents the perspective on Indigenous Peoples regarding their contributions to society?
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What is a significant threat to Indigenous Peoples as mentioned in the content?
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What role does recognizing Indigenous rights play in society?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an abuse of human dignity?
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What principle emphasizes that every human being is sacred from conception to death?
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How does the Principle of Good Will contribute to community values?
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In what way should society demonstrate respect for human dignity according to the content?
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What is highlighted as a moral obligation concerning human dignity?
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Which group is specifically mentioned as needing care and respect under the Principle of Justice?
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Which aspect of community values does the content associate with supporting the less fortunate?
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What attitude is suggested toward youth and their role in society?
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What is the primary aim of Human Law?
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Which aspect of Divine Law is emphasized in the New Testament?
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What is one of the Basic Goods listed under Natural Moral Law?
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Which of the following best describes the role of Natural Law in human nature according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
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What is the main concern of the Basic Good 'Seek God'?
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Which principle states that anything good should not be destroyed to achieve good?
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How should humans regard the Basic Good 'Avoid Offense'?
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What does 'pakikipagkapwa' refer to in the context of the Basic Good 'Live in Society'?
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Study Notes
Intellect and Free Will
- Humans possess a unique capacity for deep thought and the freedom to make decisions for the greater good.
- Thinking involves understanding, evaluating, and interpreting information.
- Free will allows individuals to choose or reject actions based on their understanding.
- Intellect and free will work together, enabling individuals to reflect, analyze, and make decisions aligned with what is good.
- Wisdom is achieved when intellect and free will are aligned with truth, encompassing intellect, free will, truth, and experience.
Instinct vs. Intellect
- Animals rely on instinct, while humans utilize intellect to evaluate situations.
- Humans are able to consider safety, quantity, and satisfaction when making decisions, while animals act solely based on instinct.
Moral Awareness
- Humans are capable of understanding concepts like morality and justice, making decisions based on higher reasoning and values.
Natural Moral Law
- According to St. Thomas Aquinas, the natural law is a fundamental principle woven into human nature.
- It dictates "good is to be done and evil is to be avoided."
- Seven basic goods of the natural moral law are:
- Life: Sustaining life and freedom from pain.
- Reproduction: Self-preservation and procreation.
- Educate One's Offspring: Seeking knowledge and rejecting ignorance.
- Seek God: Transcendental concerns and seeking God's presence.
- Live in Society: Desire for connection and community ("pakikipagkapwa").
- Avoid Offense: Respecting dignity and rights.
- Shun Ignorance: Using intelligence to solve problems and shape one's character.
Five Secondary Principles of the Moral Law
- Anything good should not be destroyed to do good.
- Any human person should not be treated as a material to attain a purpose.
- A few should not be favored, unless it is necessary for the good of all.
- A human person should recognize the need to work with others for the good of all.
- A human person should act based on intellect and free will.
Forming a Strong Moral Conscience
- Experience shapes one's conscience, influencing their understanding of right and wrong.
- A strong moral conscience requires understanding of good and bad acts, the Natural Moral Law, applying knowledge to work, and exercising freedom based on knowledge and capabilities.
Notions of Freedom
- Natural Freedom: Innate sense of freedom, the ability to think, decide, dream, love, feel, and act freely.
- Responsible Freedom: Ability to choose and act accordingly, acknowledging consequences.
- Internal Freedom: Self-righteousness, taking a stand for oneself, and upholding individual rights.
- External Freedom: Ability to relate well with others and be in harmony with the law.
Characteristics of People with Responsible Freedom
- Freedom to act beyond personal interest.
- Accountability for consequences of actions.
- Intelligent decision-making.
- Self-criticism of emotions and behavior.
Human Dignity
- Human dignity is equal to human worth and the foundation of all rights.
- Institutions have a responsibility to protect life, dignity, and rights.
- Society's systems influence personal dignity and development.
- A thriving community depends on safeguarding dignity, rights, and fulfilling responsibilities.
Principles of Human Dignity
- Principle of Sacredness: Every human being is sacred and inherently dignified from conception to death.
- Principle of Good Will: Each person deserves care for their well-being and dignity.
- Principle of Respect and Love: Human dignity is upheld through respect, love, and care for life.
- Principle of Justice: The marginalized and vulnerable must be cared for, and all people should be treated with equal respect.
Protecting the Dignity of the Poor and Indigenous Peoples
- Protecting human dignity involves preventing suffering and promoting a culture of life.
- It is a responsibility of every individual to support the less fortunate.
- Movements and community activities raise awareness and advocate for the less fortunate.
- Indigenous Peoples deserve equal dignity and respect, despite their unique cultures.
- Colonization and the seizure of their lands have led to injustice for Indigenous Peoples.
- Protecting Indigenous Peoples' rights includes:
- Affirming their equality while respecting their right to be different.
- Promoting their rights as outlined in treaties and agreements.
- Supporting their control over lands and resources.
- Recognizing that demilitarization of indigenous lands contributes to peace and progress.
- Advocating for recognizing Indigenous rights to foster cooperation and justice.
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between human intellect and free will in decision-making. This quiz examines how these faculties enable moral awareness and align with natural moral law. Test your understanding of how humans differ from animals in evaluating situations and making choices for the greater good.
