Integumentary System Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the eccrine sweat glands?

  • To facilitate hair follicle development
  • To open onto the skin surface and produce sweat (correct)
  • To produce sebum for skin lubrication
  • To release a musky odor from the skin

    • Which structure is NOT a part of the integumentary system?

  • Epidermis
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Muscle tissue (correct)
  • Dermis

    • What characteristic is associated with apocrine sweat glands?

  • Produce a dilute saline solution
  • Open onto the skin surface
  • Are responsible for body temperature regulation
  • Located in hair follicles in specific areas (correct)

    • Which function is NOT part of the integumentary system?

    <p>Production of hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can changes in the color or condition of nails indicate?

    <p>Potential pathological conditions or diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible sign of arterial insufficiency when inspecting skin color?

    <p>Pallor with yellowish or white hues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin reaction can certain allergens lead to?

    <p>A variety of skin eruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary component is crucial for maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails?

    <p>Balanced diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does peripheral cyanosis indicate?

    <p>Local vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition is characterized by a butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks?

    <p>Discoid lupus erythematous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of improper nail cutting techniques?

    <p>Infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be indicated by a dusky blue color in the perioral region of the skin?

    <p>Inadequate oxygenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which daily health routine practice is recommended for skin care?

    <p>Regular hygiene practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of rough, dry, and flaky skin suggest about a person's health condition?

    <p>They may have hypothyroidism or psoriasis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by total loss of pigmentation?

    <p>Albinism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesion arises from normal skin due to irritation or disease?

    <p>Primary lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by small, flat macules of brown melanin pigment on sun-exposed skin?

    <p>Freckles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may cause a bluish skin tone due to bleeding or increased venous pressure?

    <p>Vascular lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an intact skin integrity without redness imply?

    <p>There is no breakdown or pressure ulcers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carotenemia characterized by?

    <p>Yellow-orange discoloration of the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of firm and intact skin suggest?

    <p>Skin is healthy and well-hydrated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nodule?

    <p>A solid mass extending deeper into the dermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a bulla from a vesicle?

    <p>A bulla is larger than a vesicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a pustule?

    <p>A vesicle or bulla filled with pus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ulcer characterized by?

    <p>A loss of skin surface into the dermis or below (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesion is characterized by thickened epidermal cells that flake off?

    <p>Scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hematoma?

    <p>A localized collection of blood creating an elevation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes petechiae?

    <p>Round red or purple macules due to blood extravasation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does atrophy refer to in skin lesions?

    <p>A decrease in the volume of epidermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is suggested by the presence of clammy skin?

    <p>Shock or hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a rapid return of skin turgor indicate?

    <p>Good hydration status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does unilateral edema typically suggest?

    <p>Local or peripheral cause (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause generalized hair loss?

    <p>Hormonal disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive scaliness of the scalp indicate?

    <p>Dermatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by brittle hair?

    <p>Hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does Beau's lines in the nails indicate?

    <p>Trauma or endocarditis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for increased oiliness of hair?

    <p>Poor hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the presence of nits/lice suggest?

    <p>Intense itching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a clean and manicured appearance of nails indicate?

    <p>Good hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lack of genital hair in a puberty-aged individual suggest?

    <p>Endocrine abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a warm and equal temperature bilaterally suggest?

    <p>Normal circulatory status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition might generalized anhidrosis indicate?

    <p>Hypothermia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of longitudinal ridging in nails can indicate which condition?

    <p>Anemia or hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Structure

    • Skin Layers: Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue.
    • Epidermal Appendages: Hair, Nails.
    • Skin Glands:
      • Sweat Glands: Eccrine (dilute saline solution; widely distributed) and Apocrine (musky odor; axillary and genital areas).
      • Sebaceous Glands: Produce sebum (oily secretion).

    Integumentary System Functions

    • Protection.
    • Identification (color, fingerprints).
    • Sensory reception.
    • Thermoregulation.
    • Water, fat, and vitamin D storage.
    • Wound repair.
    • Facilitation of joint movement.
    • Excretion.

    Skin Assessment: History Questions

    • Current Symptoms: Rashes, lesions, dryness, drainage, swelling, increased pigmentation, birthmarks, tattoos (changes in color, size, shape).
    • Sensory Changes: Changes in pain sensation.
    • Hair Loss: Patchy hair loss may indicate infections or stress.
    • Nail Changes: Nail changes can signal systemic disorders.
    • Past History: Previous skin, hair problems, allergic reactions (food, medication, plants).
    • Family History: Family history of skin problems.
    • Lifestyle and Health Practices: Sunbathing habits, daily skin/hair/nail care routine, products used, nail-cutting techniques, diet.

    Skin Inspection: Color

    • Evenly Colored: Pink, brown, black. Variations indicate issues:
      • Pallor: Yellowish/white (arterial insufficiency, anemia). Darker skin may appear yellowish-brown/gray.
      • Cyanosis: Dusky blue (cardiopulmonary problems - central cyanosis; local vasoconstriction - peripheral cyanosis).
      • Jaundice: Yellow to green (sclera, mucosa, thin skin).
      • Rashes: Reddish (light skin) or darker (dark skin). Butterfly rash across the nose and cheeks is characteristic of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).
      • Erythema: Intense redness and warmth (inflammation, allergy, trauma). Dark skin may show as purplish.
      • Vitiligo: Patchy depigmentation.
      • Albinism: Total loss of pigmentation.
      • Ecchymosis: Bruise (large patch of capillary bleeding).
      • Carotenemia: Yellow-orange.

    Skin Inspection: Other Aspects

    • Hygiene: Clean vs. dirty/smelly.
    • Integrity: Intact vs. broken down (reddened areas progressing to pressure ulcers).
    • Lesions: Smooth, without lesions vs. lesions (primary, secondary, vascular). Note presence of:
      • Freckles: Small, flat brown macules.
      • Nevi (moles): Proliferation of melanocytes, tan to brown.

    Skin Palpation: Texture, Thickness, Moisture, Temperature, Mobility

    • Texture: Smooth/intact vs. rough, dry, flaky (hypothyroidism, psoriasis), velvet (hyperthyroidism).
    • Thickness: Uniformly thin vs. calluses, thickened (constant pressure), very thin (arterial insufficiency, steroid therapy).
    • Moisture: Dry, moderate perspiration vs. increased moisture (diaphoresis; anxiety, fever, hyperthyroidism), decreased moisture (dehydration, hypothyroidism), clammy (shock, hypotension).
    • Temperature: Warm and equal bilaterally vs. hyperthermia (localized or generalized; inflammation, infection, trauma, sunburn, febrile state, hyperthyroidism) or hypothermia (localized or generalized; shock, hypotension, peripheral arterial insufficiency, Raynaud's disease).
    • Mobility/Turgor: Moderately mobile, normal turgor (returns to shape in <30 seconds) vs. decreased mobility (edema), poor turgor (dehydration, weight loss).
    • Edema: Skin rebounds, no indentation vs. unilateral (local/peripheral cause), bilateral (central problem; heart failure, kidney failure).

    Scalp and Hair Assessment: Observation and Palpation

    • Scalp Color: Clean, dry vs. gray (reduced melanin), dry (Africans), dull (hypothyroidism).
    • Hair Distribution: Coarse terminal hair, fine vellus hair vs. generalized hair loss (infections, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal disorders, liver/thyroid disease, drug toxicity), hirsutism (females), absent/abnormal genital hair (endocrine abnormalities), alopecia.
    • Hair Palpation: Pliant, smooth vs. brittle, fine/thick, excessive oiliness.
    • Scalp Lesions: Clean vs. seborrhea (dandruff), excessive scaliness (dermatitis), raised lesions (infections, tumors), pediculosis (lice), folliculitis, tinea capitis.

    Nail Assessment

    • Grooming/Cleanliness: Clean, manicured vs. dirty, broken, jagged.
    • Color/Markings: Clear/pink vs. pale/cyanotic (hypoxia, anemia), yellow (fungal infection), splinter hemorrhage (trauma, endocarditis), Beau's lines (transverse depressions).

    Skin Lesions: Types and Descriptions

    • Nodule: Solid mass extending deep into dermis.
    • Tumor: Solid mass larger than a nodule.
    • Wheal: Reddened, flat, localized fluid collection.
    • Vesicle: Circumscribed elevation containing serous fluid or blood (<0.5 cm).
    • Bulla: Large serous fluid-filled vesicle (>1 cm).
    • Cyst: Encapsulated fluid-filled mass.
    • Pustule: Vesicle or bulla filled with pus.
    • Erosion: Loss of epidermis; moist, but not bleeding.
    • Ulcer: Deeper loss of skin surface; may bleed and scar.
    • Fissure: Linear crack in the skin.
    • Scale: Thickened epidermal cells that flake off.
    • Crust: Dried residue of serum, pus, or blood.
    • Atrophy: Decrease in epidermis volume.
    • Scar: Connective tissue replacing destroyed tissue.

    Vascular Skin Lesions

    • Petechiae: Round red or purple macules (<2 mm); bleeding tendencies.
    • Ecchymosis: Round or irregular macular lesion (>2 mm); blood extravasation (trauma); color changes.
    • Hematoma: Localized collection of blood creating elevated ecchymosis.
    • Spider Angioma: Red arteriole lesion with central body and radiating branches.

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    Integumentary System PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential components and functions of the integumentary system, including skin layers, appendages, and glands. This quiz also covers skin assessment techniques and history questions to evaluate skin health. Test your knowledge on the protective, sensory, and regulatory roles of the skin.

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