Integumentary System - Skin Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which function of the integumentary system helps maintain a stable internal body temperature?

  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Protection against injury
  • Regulation of water loss
  • Sensory perception

What type of substances can penetrate the skin due to its physical barriers?

  • Glycolipids
  • Water-soluble substances
  • Proteins
  • Lipid-soluble substances (correct)

The primary function of keratin in the integumentary system is to?

  • Enable water loss regulation
  • Provide waterproofing and protection (correct)
  • Facilitate the synthesis of chemicals
  • Regulate sensory perception

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

<p>Weight regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of glycolipids contributes to the function of the integumentary system?

<p>Prevention of bacterial invasion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors in the skin are primarily responsible for detecting light touch?

<p>Meissner's corpuscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of pain receptors in each square centimeter of skin?

<p>200 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what skin temperature is cold sensation most stimulated?

<p>77 ºF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are sensitive to pressure and vibration changes deep in the skin?

<p>Paccinian corpuscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the perception of hot sensations in the skin?

<p>A surface temperature rise above 86 ºF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of the Anagen phase for hair growth?

<p>2 to 6 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the hair follicle shrink to about 1/6 of its normal length?

<p>Catagen Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hairs are typically in the Telogen phase at any given time?

<p>10-15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the maximum length of hair?

<p>The Anagen phase duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs in the hair shaft at the end of the Telogen phase?

<p>The existing hair falls out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

<p>Areolar connective tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the growth phase duration determined for different hair follicles on the body?

<p>By the location of the follicle on the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

<p>Hair follicles and sebaceous glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of hair growth?

<p>Hair color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the dermal papilla during the Telogen phase?

<p>To rest below the follicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypodermis serve in relation to the skin?

<p>It connects the skin to underlying organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the appearance of skin change with little melanin or carotene?

<p>It appears translucent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes cyanosis in skin appearance?

<p>Depletion of oxygen in hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would jaundice likely occur?

<p>Buildup of bilirubin in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is important for melanin production that some individuals lack due to albinism?

<p>Tyrosinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are infants and elderly individuals more sensitive to cold?

<p>They have less subcutaneous fat than adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the engorgement of capillaries in the dermis?

<p>Erythema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin color pigment is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine?

<p>Melanin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by paleness of the skin?

<p>Pallor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the genetic aspects of skin color variation?

<p>Melanin production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of melanin is predominantly found in dark-skinned individuals?

<p>Eumelanin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of freckles on the skin?

<p>Melanin accumulation in patches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases enzymatic activity in melanosomes, leading to more melanin production?

<p>UV light exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin condition results from overexposure to ultraviolet light?

<p>Leathery skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is carotene primarily known for in the skin?

<p>Serving as a precursor for Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin marking is characterized by tightly bound skin surfaces at flexor areas?

<p>Flexion lines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the production of Vitamin D3 as a person ages?

<p>It declines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the visible effects of aging on the skin?

<p>Increased stem cell activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of friction ridges on fingertips?

<p>They help with object manipulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the aging process affect hair follicles?

<p>They may die or produce thinner hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to skin elasticity as a person ages?

<p>It declines and leads to wrinkling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin markings are flat melanized patches that vary with heredity or sun exposure?

<p>Freckles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Skin

The outermost layer of the body that acts as a barrier against injury and infection.

Keratin

A tough protein present in skin, hair, and nails. It provides strength and waterproofs the skin.

Glycolipids

These are fatty substances found between skin cells that prevent water loss and keep the skin moist.

Skin Continuity

The continuous surface of the skin prevents bacteria from entering the body.

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Temperature Regulation

The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by releasing sweat and adjusting blood flow.

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Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

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Dermis

The deeper layer of skin, composed of connective tissue, providing strength and elasticity.

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Papillary layer

The superficial part of the dermis, containing areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers and dermal papillae.

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Reticular layer

The deeper part of the dermis, with dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, providing strength and flexibility.

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Dermal papillae

Projections of the papillary layer that increase surface area and contain capillaries and tactile receptors.

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Hypodermis

The layer beneath the dermis, containing connective tissue and adipose tissue, attaching the skin to underlying structures and providing insulation.

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Cyanosis

A condition where the skin appears bluish due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

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Jaundice

A yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, indicating a buildup of bilirubin in the blood, often associated with liver disease.

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Erythema

Redness of the skin caused by engorged capillaries. This can be caused by injury, infection, heat, inflammation, allergies, emotional state, hypertension.

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Pallor

Paleness of the skin caused by diminished blood flow or a lack of oxygen.

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Bronzing

Darkened skin caused by diseases like Addison's disease, which is often associated with adrenal insufficiency or low cortisol production.

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Bruising (hematoma)

A bruise, or a collection of escaped blood under the skin that has clotted. It often results from injury but can also be caused by Vitamin C deficiency or a bleeding disorder called Hemophilia.

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Leathery skin

Skin that appears thick and leathery, often caused by sun exposure.

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Photosensitivity

Skin that is overly sensitive to sunlight. It can be caused by certain medications like antibiotics and antihistamines.

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Skin Color

The natural color of our skin is a result of our genes, our environment and the amount of blood in our bodies.

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Skin Pigments

Pigments responsible for skin color. These are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

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Meissner's Corpuscles

Specialized cells within your skin that detect light touch, often found in sensitive areas like fingertips.

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Paccinian Corpuscles

These sensory receptors are responsible for detecting heavy pressure and vibrations deep within the skin. They have a capsule-like shape and are scattered throughout the skin.

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Pain Receptors

Pain receptors in the skin are important for triggering responses to avoid potential harm. They are stimulated by various factors like intense pressure, heat, or chemicals.

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Temperature Receptors

These receptors register temperature changes within a specific range. They help regulate our body temperature and warn us of potentially harmful conditions.

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Stratum basale cells

These are specialized cells in the epidermis of the skin that form the hair follicle and sebaceous glands.

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Carotene

A yellow-orange pigment found in the skin, primarily in the stratum corneum and fatty layers of the dermis and hypodermis. It's a precursor to Vitamin A, crucial for vision.

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Hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells, giving them their characteristic color.

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Friction Ridges

Markings on fingertips, unique to primates, that help with gripping and manipulation.

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Flexion Lines

Lines occurring on flexor surfaces, like palms, wrists, and elbows, where the skin is tightly bound to deeper structures.

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Freckles

Flat, melanized patches on the skin that can vary in size and color based on genetics and sun exposure.

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Moles

Elevated patches of melanized skin, often with hair, that can range from harmless to cancerous. They're also known as beauty marks.

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Skin Aging

A gradual decline in skin health with age, starting in your 20s, resulting in thinner skin, reduced immune response, and decreased vitamin D production.

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Chronologic Aging

A genetically programmed process that leads to biochemical changes in collagen, affecting skin firmness and elasticity. It's a major contributor to aging.

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Telogen Phase

The resting phase of hair growth where the hair follicle shrinks, the dermal papilla breaks away, and the hair stops growing.

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Anagen Phase

The active growth phase of hair where new cells are produced at the root of the hair shaft, pushing older cells out to form the hair we see.

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Catagen Phase

A short transitional phase between the growth phase and the resting phase where the hair follicle shrinks and the dermal papilla detaches.

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Anagen Phase and Maximum Hair Length

The duration of the anagen phase determines the maximum length a hair can grow. For example, arm hair has a short anagen phase, while head hair has a longer anagen phase.

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Independent Hair Growth

Individual hairs grow independently of each other. This means that different hairs on your body are in different phases of growth at any given time.

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Hair Shedding

The process of hair shedding occurs when a hair follicle enters the telogen phase, the hair shaft breaks, and the existing hair falls out, making way for a new hair.

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Factors Affecting Hair Growth

External factors such as illness, diet, stress, gender, radiation therapy, and medication can affect hair growth and replacement.

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Synchronized Shedding

Animals that shed have hair follicles that synchronize their telogen phase, causing all their hair to fall out at once.

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Study Notes

Integumentary System - Skin

  • The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, subcutaneous tissue, and glands.
  • The skin acts as a physical barrier, protecting against injury and infection.
  • Waterproofing properties of keratinized cells and glycolipids prevent water loss.
  • Keratin helps prevent bacterial penetration.
  • Glycolipids prevent diffusion of water and water-soluble substances between cells.
  • Substances able to penetrate the skin include: lipid-soluble substances (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins); oleoresins of certain plants (e.g., poison ivy); organic solvents (e.g., acetone); salts of heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury); and topical medications.
  • Skin secretions (sebum, defensins, acid mantle) impede bacteria growth.
  • Melanin protects against UV damage.

Skin Functions

  • Protection: Mechanical, chemical, biological barriers
  • Regulation of body temperature: sweating and blood vessel constriction.
  • Sensory perception: touch, pressure, temperature, pain
  • Regulation of water loss: waterproof barrier and sweating.
  • Chemical synthesis: Vitamin D production (using UV light) and conversion of other substances.

Skin Layers

  • Epidermis (outermost layer):
    • Keratinocytes (90%): Provide a waterproof barrier.
    • Melanocytes (8%): Produce melanin, contributing to skin color.
    • Langerhans cells: Immune response.
    • Merkel cells: Touch sensation.
  • Dermis (middle layer):
    • Connective tissue (collagen and elastin fibers): Strength and flexibility.
    • Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles.
    • Papillary layer (superficial): Highly vascularized, Sensory receptors (touch, pressure, temperature).
    • Reticular layer (deeper): Dense irregular connective tissue; Hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous):
    • Connective tissues (adipose tissue, blood vessels): Insulation and cushioning.

Types of Skin

  • Thin skin: Covers most parts of the body, contains hair follicles and fewer sweat glands than thick skin.
  • Thick skin: Found on palms of hands and soles of feet, lacks hair follicles and contains more sweat glands.

Skin Structures

  • Hair:
    • Shaft (projects from skin surface), root (penetrates dermis), cuticle (outer layer), cortex (middle layer), medulla (inner layer). Hair grows in cycles.
  • Nails: Keratinized epidermal cells forming a protective plate over the tips of the digits.
  • Glands:
    • Sudoriferous (sweat) glands: Eccrine (cooling), apocrine (stimulated during emotional stress); Sebaceous (oil) glands: Secrete sebum. Ceruminous glands: produce earwax.

Skin Pigments

  • Melanin: Gives skin color, determined by the number and activity of melanocytes.
  • Carotene: Yellow-orange pigment from certain foods;
  • Hemoglobin: Oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells. (Causes redness of skin)
  • Environmental factors and genetics influence skin color.

Skin Markings and Receptors

  • Friction ridges: Fingerprints and toe prints, increase grip.
  • Skin receptors: Meissner's corpuscles (light touch), Pacinian corpuscles (pressure and vibration), pain receptors, thermoreceptors (heat and cold).

Skin Cancer

  • Abnormal growth of skin cells.
  • Types: Basal cell carcinoma (most common), squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma.
  • Risk factors: Exposure to UV radiation, family history, weakened immune system.
  • Early detection is essential.

Skin Disorders

  • Allergis , Burns, Infections, Age-related changes etc

Skin Diseases

  • Psoriasis, Vitiligo.

Types of Membranes

  • Cutaneous: Skin
  • Mucous: Line cavities that open to the exterior(e.g., respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts)
  • Serous: Line closed body cavities (e.g., pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities)
  • Synovial: Line freely movable joint cavities

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Integumentary System Training Handout PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the integumentary system, focusing on the functions and properties of skin. This quiz covers topics such as skin protection, sensory perception, and temperature regulation. Discover how the integumentary system plays a crucial role in overall health.

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