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Questions and Answers
Which is not a major function of the skin?
Which is not a major function of the skin?
What is the dermal layer composed of?
What is the dermal layer composed of?
What is the percentage of body weight that the skin composes?
What is the percentage of body weight that the skin composes?
What is the characteristic of thin skin?
What is the characteristic of thin skin?
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What is the embryological origin of the dermis?
What is the embryological origin of the dermis?
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What is composed of stratified keratinized epithelium?
What is composed of stratified keratinized epithelium?
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What is unique about the Stratum spinosum layer?
What is unique about the Stratum spinosum layer?
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What is the main function of the Stratum basale layer?
What is the main function of the Stratum basale layer?
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What is the Stratum granulosum layer?
What is the Stratum granulosum layer?
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What is the main difference between thin and thick skin in terms of the Stratum spinosum layer?
What is the main difference between thin and thick skin in terms of the Stratum spinosum layer?
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What is the role of the dermal papillae?
What is the role of the dermal papillae?
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What is the order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
What is the order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
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What is the characteristic of the Stratum spinosum layer in terms of cell division?
What is the characteristic of the Stratum spinosum layer in terms of cell division?
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What percentage of cells in the epidermal layer are composed of keratinocytes?
What percentage of cells in the epidermal layer are composed of keratinocytes?
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Which type of cell in the epidermis acts as a mechanoreceptor?
Which type of cell in the epidermis acts as a mechanoreceptor?
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What is the primary function of melanocytes in the epidermis?
What is the primary function of melanocytes in the epidermis?
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From which embryonic layer is the epidermis derived?
From which embryonic layer is the epidermis derived?
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What of the following is commonly found in the hypodermis?
What of the following is commonly found in the hypodermis?
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Where are dermo-epidermal junctions typically found?
Where are dermo-epidermal junctions typically found?
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What is the main function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?
What is the main function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?
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What is the composition of the stratum corneum?
What is the composition of the stratum corneum?
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What is eleidin in the stratum lucidum layer?
What is eleidin in the stratum lucidum layer?
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What is the characteristic of the stratum lucidum?
What is the characteristic of the stratum lucidum?
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What is the location of the stratum granulosum?
What is the location of the stratum granulosum?
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What is the thickness of the stratum granulosum?
What is the thickness of the stratum granulosum?
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What is the characteristic of the stratum corneum?
What is the characteristic of the stratum corneum?
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What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image?
What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image?
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What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image?
What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image?
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What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
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What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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What is the arrow pointing to in this epidermal picture?
What is the arrow pointing to in this epidermal picture?
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Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
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Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
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What is depicted at number 7 within this epidermal image?
What is depicted at number 7 within this epidermal image?
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What is the letter "A" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "A" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "C" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "C" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "D" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "D" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "E" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "E" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "G" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "G" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "F" referring to in this picture of skin?
What is the letter "F" referring to in this picture of skin?
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Study Notes
Integument: General Info
- Collagen dysplasia is an example of an integumental disease.
- Integument is the composition of skin and epidermal derivatives.
- Epidermal derivatives include: foot pads, claws, horns, hooves, glands (like anal sacs), uropygial glands, wattles, combs, spurs, and feathers.
Skin: General Info
- Skin is the largest organ in the body, composing 8-16% of body weight.
- Skin functions include: protection, prevent water and electrolyte loss, calcium homeostasis, temperature regulation, sensation, energy storage, and immune functions.
Skin Types
- Thick skin: hairless, thick epidermis layer, merocrine/eccrine sweat glands. Examples: paw pads and muzzles.
- Thin skin: hair follicles (often with arrector pili muscles), thin epidermis layer, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands.
Skin: Composition
- Skin is composed of the epidermal layer, dermal layer, and hypodermal layer.
- Dermal layer can be further subdivided into the papillary layer (loose connective tissue) and reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue).
Epidermis
- Epidermis is an avascular, thick barrier of epithelium composed of stratified keratinized epithelium.
- Keratinocytes compose 95% of cells in the epidermal layer.
- Non-keratinocytes found in the epidermis include: Langerhans cells (immune function as a tissue macrophage), Merkel's cells (mechanoreceptors), and melanocytes (UV protection).
Dermis
- Dermis is composed of blood vessels, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.
- Dermis functions to support the epidermis.
- Things found in the dermal layer include: blood vessels, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, resident cells, transient cells, nerves, and lymphatics.
Hypodermis (Subcutis)
- Hypodermis contains panniculus adiposus, which is loose connective tissue that's rich in adipocytes.
- Hypodermal layer is located beneath the dermis.
Dermo-Epidermal Junction
- Dermo-epidermal junction is the interface between the dermis and epidermis.
- Examples of where dermo-epidermal junctions can be found include: footpads, nasal planum, scrotum, and areas subjected to traction.
Epidermal Pegs/Ridges and Dermal Papilla
- Epidermal pegs/ridges: downward projections of the deep epidermis into the dermis.
- Dermal papilla: upward projections of superficial dermis that bring blood supply closer to the epithelium.
Epidermis: Layers
- Stratum basale: active, alive, cuboidal to columnar epithelium, keratinocytes, and melanocytes.
- Stratum spinosum: active, alive, polygonal, cohesive, and resistant to abrasion.
- Stratum granulosum: alive, but non-active, contains basophilic keratohyalin granules, and lamellar granules.
- Stratum lucidum: not always present, deceased, translucent, and contains desmosome, many keratin filaments, and cytoplasm with eleidin.
- Stratum corneum: deceased, outermost epidermal layer, contains up to 20 cell layers, lacks nuclei and organelles, and consists entirely of keratin.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the integumentary system, including the composition of skin, epidermal derivatives, and the functions of skin. Learn about collagen dysplasia and other integumental diseases.
