Questions and Answers
Which is not a major function of the skin?
What is the dermal layer composed of?
What is the percentage of body weight that the skin composes?
What is the characteristic of thin skin?
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What is the embryological origin of the dermis?
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What is composed of stratified keratinized epithelium?
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What is unique about the Stratum spinosum layer?
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What is the main function of the Stratum basale layer?
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What is the Stratum granulosum layer?
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What is the main difference between thin and thick skin in terms of the Stratum spinosum layer?
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What is the role of the dermal papillae?
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What is the order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
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What is the characteristic of the Stratum spinosum layer in terms of cell division?
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What percentage of cells in the epidermal layer are composed of keratinocytes?
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Which type of cell in the epidermis acts as a mechanoreceptor?
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What is the primary function of melanocytes in the epidermis?
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From which embryonic layer is the epidermis derived?
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What of the following is commonly found in the hypodermis?
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Where are dermo-epidermal junctions typically found?
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What is the main function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?
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What is the composition of the stratum corneum?
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What is eleidin in the stratum lucidum layer?
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What is the characteristic of the stratum lucidum?
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What is the location of the stratum granulosum?
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What is the thickness of the stratum granulosum?
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What is the characteristic of the stratum corneum?
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What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image?
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What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image?
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What is arrow "A" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
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What is arrow "B" pointing to in this image of the dermo-epidermal junction?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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Which epidermal layer is the arrow referring to in this image?
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What is the arrow pointing to in this epidermal picture?
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Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
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Which type of skin is depicted in this picture?
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What is depicted at number 7 within this epidermal image?
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What is the letter "A" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "C" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "D" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "E" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "G" referring to in this picture of skin?
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What is the letter "F" referring to in this picture of skin?
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Study Notes
Integument: General Info
- Collagen dysplasia is an example of an integumental disease.
- Integument is the composition of skin and epidermal derivatives.
- Epidermal derivatives include: foot pads, claws, horns, hooves, glands (like anal sacs), uropygial glands, wattles, combs, spurs, and feathers.
Skin: General Info
- Skin is the largest organ in the body, composing 8-16% of body weight.
- Skin functions include: protection, prevent water and electrolyte loss, calcium homeostasis, temperature regulation, sensation, energy storage, and immune functions.
Skin Types
- Thick skin: hairless, thick epidermis layer, merocrine/eccrine sweat glands. Examples: paw pads and muzzles.
- Thin skin: hair follicles (often with arrector pili muscles), thin epidermis layer, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands.
Skin: Composition
- Skin is composed of the epidermal layer, dermal layer, and hypodermal layer.
- Dermal layer can be further subdivided into the papillary layer (loose connective tissue) and reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue).
Epidermis
- Epidermis is an avascular, thick barrier of epithelium composed of stratified keratinized epithelium.
- Keratinocytes compose 95% of cells in the epidermal layer.
- Non-keratinocytes found in the epidermis include: Langerhans cells (immune function as a tissue macrophage), Merkel's cells (mechanoreceptors), and melanocytes (UV protection).
Dermis
- Dermis is composed of blood vessels, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.
- Dermis functions to support the epidermis.
- Things found in the dermal layer include: blood vessels, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, resident cells, transient cells, nerves, and lymphatics.
Hypodermis (Subcutis)
- Hypodermis contains panniculus adiposus, which is loose connective tissue that's rich in adipocytes.
- Hypodermal layer is located beneath the dermis.
Dermo-Epidermal Junction
- Dermo-epidermal junction is the interface between the dermis and epidermis.
- Examples of where dermo-epidermal junctions can be found include: footpads, nasal planum, scrotum, and areas subjected to traction.
Epidermal Pegs/Ridges and Dermal Papilla
- Epidermal pegs/ridges: downward projections of the deep epidermis into the dermis.
- Dermal papilla: upward projections of superficial dermis that bring blood supply closer to the epithelium.
Epidermis: Layers
- Stratum basale: active, alive, cuboidal to columnar epithelium, keratinocytes, and melanocytes.
- Stratum spinosum: active, alive, polygonal, cohesive, and resistant to abrasion.
- Stratum granulosum: alive, but non-active, contains basophilic keratohyalin granules, and lamellar granules.
- Stratum lucidum: not always present, deceased, translucent, and contains desmosome, many keratin filaments, and cytoplasm with eleidin.
- Stratum corneum: deceased, outermost epidermal layer, contains up to 20 cell layers, lacks nuclei and organelles, and consists entirely of keratin.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the integumentary system, including the composition of skin, epidermal derivatives, and the functions of skin. Learn about collagen dysplasia and other integumental diseases.
