46 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of hair/fur mentioned in the text?
Protection
What is the name for the top of the nose in dogs, cats, pigs, sheep and goats
Planum Nasale
Which gland produces a secretion that coats the hair and traps moisture?
Sebaceous glands
Which phase of hair growth is the resting phase when the hair stops growing?
Telogen phase
Which type of sweat gland is NOT found in the planum nasale or footpads
Sebaceous glands
What assists in communication of identification of individuals; sensitive to sex hormone levels
Tail glands
Which type of gland stores secretion produced and is expressed during defecation or when the animal is frightened or excited?
Anal sacs
What is NOT a primary function of claws and hooves?
Courtship
Horns are
Epidermal in origin and structurally similar to hair, grow continually and are not shed
Which of the following is NOT a function of horns or antlers mentioned in the text?
Thermoregulation
Which layer of the skin is primarily composed of keratinized clear cells and are inly found in very thick skin areas
Stratum lucidum
What are the majority of epidermal cells
Keratinocytes
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for keratinization?
Stratum spinosum
What is the primary function of the dermis?
Provides structural strength
Which layer of the dermis is just beneath the epidermis and forms dermal papillae?
Papillary layer
What are the most commonly found cells in the dermis?
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages
What are foot/paw pads primarily composed of?
All 5 epidermal layers
What is the function of foot/paw pads?
All of the above
Primarily adipose tissue for thermo-insulation and mechanical shock absorption
Hypodermis
What are ergots and chestnuts?
Dark brown, horny patches on legs of horses
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypodermis?
Produce keratin
What is the function of Langerhans cells
Phagocytize microbes and stimulate other cells of immune systerm
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for producing new cells?
Stratum germinativum
What is the function of melanocytes?
To produce melanin
Which layer of the epidermis is the outermost and thickest layer?
Stratum corneum
In what layer of the epidermis are keratohyaline granules synthesized
Stratum granulosum
In which layer of the epidermis are langerhans cells located
Stratum spinosum
Which layer of the epidermis is attached to the epithelial basement membrane
Both A and C
What is the function of merkel cells
Form disks with nerve endings at epidermal-dermal junction, thought to aid in touch sensation
Contains meissners corpuscles
Dermis
Vestiges of 2nd and 4th digits
Ergots
Vestiges of carpal and tarsal pads of the 1st digit
Chestnuts
Which type of sweat gland produces sweat that empties onto the skin surface?
Eccrine glands
Identify the cutaneous pouches of sheep
Infraorbital, Interdigital, Inguinal
Term for the loss of large % of hair volume at one time due to metabolic stress or illness
Telogen Effluvium
Which phase of hair growth is the active growth phase when the hair shaft lengthens?
Anagen phase
Transitional period between anagen and telogen phases
Catagen phase
What type of sweat gland empties into hair follicles
Apocrine glands
Have some antibacterial and antifungal properties
Both A and C
Has a hard outer layer composed of keratin, with an inner layer of corium
Hooves and claws
Identify the correct statement regarding Antlers
Dermal bone & arise from skull, are shed annually
What is the specific term used for domestic animals that are bred to be horned free
Polled
What is present in both sexes in giraffe's but only in male okapi's
Ossicones
What is conical or columnar skin-covered bone structures attached to the skull with vascularized innervated connective tissue
Ossicones
Which structure develops as cartilage initially, hardens into bone and fuses to the skull at sexual maturity
Ossicones
Which of the following is a characteristic of telogen phase of hair growth?
Quiescent, resting phase
Study Notes
Functions of Hair and Fur
- Functions of hair/fur: insulation, moisture retention, protection, and camouflage.
- Non-primary functions include acting as sensory structures and aiding in communication.
Anatomical Terms
- Top of the nose in dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, and goats is referred to as the planum nasale.
- Claws and hooves primarily serve for traction, defense, and manipulation, but not primarily for flight or other non-supportive activities.
Glands and Secretions
- Sebaceous glands produce a secretion that coats hair, trapping moisture.
- Apocrine sweat glands are not present in planum nasale or footpads.
- Anal glands store secretions expressed during defecation or when an animal is frightened or excited.
Hair Growth Phases
- The telogen phase is the resting phase of hair growth when hair stops growing.
- The anagen phase is the active growth phase when the hair shaft lengthens.
- The transitional phase between anagen and telogen is known as the catagen phase.
Skin Anatomy and Function
- The epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes.
- The stratum corneum is the outermost and thickest layer of the epidermis.
- Keratinization occurs in the stratum granulosum.
- The dermis provides structure and nourishment to the skin.
- Dermal papillae are formed in the papillary layer just beneath the epidermis.
Specialized Cells and Structures
- Langerhans cells function in immune response within the epidermis.
- Merkel cells are involved in the sensation of touch and pressure.
- Melanocytes produce melanin, contributing to skin pigmentation.
Foot and Paw Pads
- Foot/paw pads are primarily composed of adipose tissue for thermoregulation and shock absorption.
- Ergots and chestnuts are vestigial structures located on the limbs of some animals.
- Function of foot/paw pads includes providing traction and protection against abrasive surfaces.
Other Notable Structures
- Antlers are characterized as seasonal bony structures that are shed annually, unlike permanent horns, which are present throughout life.
- Hypodermis functions in insulation, storage, and attachment of skin to underlying tissues.
- The cutaneous pouches of sheep include specialized skin structures used for communication and thermal regulation.
Additional Notes
- The loss of a large percentage of hair volume due to metabolic stress or illness is termed telogen effluvium.
- The cornified layer facilitates barrier functions as it retains moisture and protects against environmental damage.
- Giraffes and okapis possess horn-like structures, with distinct characteristics in gender pertaining to okapis.
Test your knowledge of the integumentary system and its related structures, including the layers of the epidermis, keratinization process, dermal structures, and functions of the hypodermis. Explore unique features like foot pads and nasal planum.
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