Questions and Answers
Which layer of the skin is described as 'superficial'?
What type of skin lesion is categorized as a small fluid-filled sac?
Which of the following lesions is characterized by localized skin elevation often associated with itching?
Which term is used interchangeably with 'ulcer' in dermatological context?
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What is the primary characteristic of a pustule?
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Which diagnostic test is specifically used for allergy testing?
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What characteristic features a crust lesion?
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What distinguishes a nodule from a papule?
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Which condition requires a Tzanck smear for diagnosis?
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What characteristic differentiates erythema from other skin lesions during diascopy?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of cellulitis?
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What is considered a primary management strategy for intertrigo?
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Which pathogen is primarily responsible for both cellulitis and erysipelas?
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Which of the following describes a key risk factor for developing intertrigo?
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In the assessment of a suspicious skin lesion, what feature denotes a higher risk for malignancy?
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What is a common characteristic of necrotizing fasciitis?
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What topical treatment is advocated for managing superficial inflammatory skin conditions like intertrigo?
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Which condition can be identified through the examination of skin scraping?
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What distinguishes a 2nd degree burn from a 1st degree burn?
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What is a common side effect of Sulfamylon (Mafenide Acetate)?
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Which description accurately characterizes a 4th degree burn?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for preventing Curling's Ulcer?
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What percentage is assigned to the back when using the Rule of Nines for burn assessment?
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What is the healing time range for a 2nd degree burn?
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Which condition describes a 3rd degree burn?
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Which method of debridement involves the use of larvae?
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In the calculation for fluid resuscitation, which weight conversion is appropriate if the patient weighs 180 lbs?
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Which medication is considered an antidote for opioid overdose?
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What is a key characteristic of a 1st degree burn?
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What is the most conservative form of debridement?
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Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)?
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What treatment is suggested for tight skin resulting from burns that causes difficulty breathing?
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Which type of skin graft involves using tissue from an identical twin?
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What does a bed cradle help to prevent in burn patients?
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What is the sum percentage of burns for a patient with burns on the left arm, left thigh, and chest?
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Which type of debridement typically uses a sponge or scrub?
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What is the primary pathogen associated with flesh-eating disease?
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Which treatment is considered the gold standard for diagnosing flesh-eating disease?
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What is the most common surgical procedure used in the management of flesh-eating disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a common complication associated with flesh-eating disease?
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Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of flesh-eating disease?
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What serious consequences can arise from the progression of flesh-eating disease?
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In addition to antibiotics, which other management strategy is commonly employed for flesh-eating disease?
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Which of the following statements about the management of acne vulgaris is true?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Composed of three primary layers: Epidermis (superficial), Dermis (partial), Subcutaneous Tissue (full; includes everything below the dermis).
Types of Skin Lesions
- Macule: Discolored flat spot on the skin, e.g., freckle.
- Wheal: Localized elevation, often itchy, e.g., urticaria (hives).
- Papule: Solid, circumscribed, elevated area, e.g., pimple.
- Nodule: Larger papule, e.g., acne vulgaris.
- Vesicle: Small fluid-filled sac, e.g., blister; larger vesicle is called bulla (e.g., varicella).
- Pustule: Small, elevated area filled with pus, e.g., whitehead.
- Erosion (Ulcer): Tissues being eaten away, e.g., decubitus ulcer.
- Crust: Dry exudate or scab, can be serous or purulent, seen in secondary lesions.
Diagnostic Tests
- Patch Test: Assesses allergies; best site is the back, alternatives include inner arm.
- Deroofing (Tzanck Smears): Tests for herpes virus and pemphigus group.
- Diascopy: Evaluates erythema; great for distinguishing blood-related lesions like petechiae.
Risk Factors for Skin Conditions
- Fair skin and family history can increase skin issues.
- Intertrigo is a superficial inflammatory condition due to friction, seen in flexural surfaces, often in individuals with obesity or diabetes.
Skin Cancer Self-Assessment
- Use mirror assessments checking for asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter ≥ ¼ inch (6 mm), and any evolution in lesions.
Cellulitis & Erysipelas
- Erysipelas: Superficial skin layer inflammation.
- Cellulitis: Affects deeper dermal layers.
- Common pathogens include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
- Symptoms: Redness, swelling, pain, tenderness; risk factors include past surgeries and obesity.
Complications from Infections
- Common complications may involve bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and sepsis among others.
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: Known as "flesh-eating disease" with severe ongoing pain and rapid spreading; caused by GAHBS bacteria.
Burn Classification
- 1st Degree: Superficial, affects epidermis; pink, painful, blanches.
- 2nd Degree: Partial thickness, includes blistering.
- 3rd Degree: Full thickness, leathery appearance, may require grafting.
- 4th Degree: Affects muscles and bones, often results in amputation.
Burn Treatment Protocol
- Prevention includes careful fluid management and medications such as Nitrofurazone and Mafenide Acetate, noting side effects like anemia and metabolic acidosis.
- Hydrotherapy: Painful but effective method for treating burns.
Debridement Methods
- Autolytic: Conservative, uses occlusive dressings.
- Enzymatic: Uses collagenase with moistened dressings.
- Biological: Involves sterile larvae.
- Surgical: Requires scalpel removal.
- Mechanical: Involves scrubbing with sponges.
Skin Grafting
- Isograft/Syngeneic: Transplant from an identical twin.
Important Considerations
- Burn assessment using the Lund Browder chart or Rule of Nines for fluid resuscitation calculations.
- Management of potential complications, including gastrointestinal issues like Curling's ulcer due to ischemic conditions following burns.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the integumentary system, including the layers of skin such as the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Dive into specifics about skin lesions like macules and athlete’s foot. Challenge yourself with detailed questions based on this essential body system.
