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Questions and Answers
Which layer of the epidermis contains dead, keratinized cells?
What is the function of the papillary dermis?
What is the main function of the hair follicle?
What is the main function of the nail plate?
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What type of sweat glands are responsible for regulating body temperature?
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What is the main function of sebaceous glands?
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What is the main function of ceruminous glands?
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What is the largest organ of the integumentary system?
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Study Notes
Integumentary Parts
Skin Layers
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Epidermis: outermost layer, thin, waterproof barrier, sheds and regenerates constantly
- Stratum corneum: outermost layer, dead, keratinized cells
- Stratum lucidum: clear layer, contains dead cells
- Stratum granulosum: granular layer, contains keratohyalin granules
- Stratum spinosum: spinous layer, contains polygonal cells
- Stratum basale: basal layer, contains stem cells
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Dermis: middle layer, thick, dense connective tissue
- Papillary dermis: thin, loose connective tissue
- Reticular dermis: thick, dense connective tissue
- Hypodermis: innermost layer, subcutaneous tissue, attaches skin to underlying structures
Hair Structure
- Hair shaft: visible part, dead, keratinized cells
- Root: portion below skin surface, alive, grows hair
- Follicle: tube-like structure, surrounds root, anchors hair to skin
- Sebaceous gland: attached to follicle, produces sebum, lubricates hair
Nail Function
- Nail plate: hard, keratinized layer, protects sensitive tips of fingers and toes
- Nail bed: area beneath nail plate, contains nerve endings, sensitive to pressure
- Cuticle: thin layer of dead cells, seals nail bed to nail plate
- Nail matrix: area beneath cuticle, produces new nail cells
Sweat Glands
- Eccrine glands: small, simple, produce sweat, regulate body temperature
- Apocrine glands: larger, more complex, produce sweat, active in emotional responses
Sebaceous Glands
- Sebaceous glands: produce sebum, lubricate hair and skin, prevent dryness
Other Glands
- Ceruminous glands: produce cerumen (earwax), protect ear canal
- Mammary glands: produce milk, nourish young (in mammary organs)
Parts and Kinds of Integumentary System
- Skin: largest organ, protects body, regulates temperature, aids in sensation
- Hair: protects scalp, aids in sensation, filters dust and debris
- Nails: protect sensitive tips of fingers and toes
- Sweat glands: regulate body temperature
- Sebaceous glands: lubricate hair and skin
- Ceruminous glands: protect ear canal
- Mammary glands: produce milk, nourish young (in mammary organs)
Integumentary System
Skin Layers
-
Epidermis: outermost layer, provides waterproof barrier, sheds and regenerates constantly
- Composed of 5 sublayers: Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale
- Dermis: middle layer, dense connective tissue, divided into Papillary dermis and Reticular dermis
- Hypodermis: innermost layer, subcutaneous tissue, anchors skin to underlying structures
Hair Structure
- Hair shaft: visible part, composed of dead, keratinized cells
- Root: portion below skin surface, alive, responsible for hair growth
- Follicle: tube-like structure, surrounds root, anchors hair to skin
- Sebaceous gland: attached to follicle, produces sebum, lubricates hair
Nail Structure
- Nail plate: hard, keratinized layer, protects sensitive tips of fingers and toes
- Nail bed: area beneath nail plate, contains nerve endings, sensitive to pressure
- Cuticle: thin layer of dead cells, seals nail bed to nail plate
- Nail matrix: area beneath cuticle, produces new nail cells
Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
- Eccrine glands: small, simple, produce sweat, regulate body temperature
- Apocrine glands: larger, more complex, produce sweat, active in emotional responses
- Sebaceous glands: produce sebum, lubricate hair and skin, prevent dryness
Other Glands
- Ceruminous glands: produce cerumen (earwax), protect ear canal
- Mammary glands: produce milk, nourish young (in mammary organs)
Functions of Integumentary System
- Protection: skin, hair, and nails provide barrier against external damage
- Regulation: skin and sweat glands regulate body temperature
- Sensation: skin, hair, and nails aid in sensation
- Lubrication: sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands produce lubricants
- Nourishment: mammary glands produce milk, nourish young
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Description
Learn about the different layers of the skin, including the epidermis and dermis, and their functions. Explore the stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale.
