Integumentary System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the skin layers with their descriptions:

Stratum corneum = Outermost layer of dead cells Dermis = Composed of collagen and elastic fibers Epidermis = Contains melanocytes for skin color Hypodermis = Layer of adipose tissue beneath the skin

Match the skin pigments with their characteristics:

Melanin = Responsible for hair and eye color Freckles = Accumulation of melanin Albinism = Absence of melanin Carotene = Yellow to orange pigment affecting skin color

Match the glands with their functions:

Eccrine glands = Secretes clear fluid through sweat pores Apocrine glands = Produces body odor in specific areas Sebaceous glands = Secretes oil near hair follicles Mammary glands = Milk-secreting during pregnancy

Match the elements of hair structure with their descriptions:

Hair follicle = Origin of hair strands Arrector pili = Smooth muscle that elevates hair Hair shaft = Visible part of the hair Sebaceous glands = Associated oil glands for hair maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting skin color with their descriptions:

Pigments = Color substances in skin Genetics = Inherited traits affecting melanin levels Blood circulation = Affects redness and skin tone Thickness of stratum corneum = Influences skin appearance and texture Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the integumentary system with their functions:

Epidermis = First major skin region (outside) Sebaceous gland = Produces oil to keep skin moisturized Arrector pili = Smooth muscle that causes hair to stand up Sweat gland = Regulates temperature through sweat Signup and view all the answers

Match the layers of the epidermis with their descriptions:

Stratum basale = Layer of actively dividing cells Stratum spinosum = Cells are slightly separated by tissue fluid Stratum granulosum = Contains granules with keratohyalin Stratum lucidum = Translucent layer where nails originate Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions of the integumentary system with their descriptions:

Protection = Prevents water loss and fights microbes Sensation = Detects hot, cold, pain, and pressure Excretion = Removes waste from the body Vitamin D production = Stimulated by UV light exposure Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to skin structure with their definitions:

Keratinization = Process of new cells pushing old ones to the surface Stratified squamous epithelium = Type of tissue found in the epidermis Hypodermis = Another term for subcutaneous tissue Adipose tissue = Fat storage tissue located in the dermis Signup and view all the answers

Match the regions of the skin with their characteristics:

Epidermis = Composed of multiple layers with no blood vessels Dermis = Contains nerves and blood vessels Subcutaneous tissue = Provides insulation and cushioning Hair follicle = Structure from which hair grows Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System

Integument means covering
Components:
- Skin
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands

Functions

Protection:
- Prevents water loss
- Protects against microbes
- Protects against UV light
Sensation:
- Detects hot, cold, pain, and pressure
Temperature Regulation:
- Helps maintain homeostasis
Excretion:
- Removes waste
Vitamin D Production:
- UV light stimulates production

Skin Facts

Weighs 20 lbs or more, depending on body size
Used to determine body fat
Two main regions: epidermis and dermis

Epidermis

First major skin region (outermost layer)
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
Keratinization:
- New cells with keratin push old cells to the surface
- Takes 40-56 days for new cells to reach the surface layers
Layers
- Stratum basale (germinativum) - actively dividing cells to replace shed cells
- Stratum spinosum - layers with cells slightly separated by tissue fluid, joined by cytoplasm for strength and flexibility
- Stratum granulosum - several layers of cells with granules (keratohyalin/keratin), nerve endings, and epidermal pigments.
- Stratum lucidum - translucent layer where nails originate (palms, fingertips, soles of feet).
- Stratum corneum - outermost layers of flat dead cells shed regularly, responsible for skin thickness variation.

Skin Color and Variations

Determined by:
- Pigments
- Genetics
- Blood circulation
- Thickness of stratum corneum
Melanocytes in darker skin produce more/darker melanin than fairer skin
All races have the same number of melanocytes

Skin Pigments

Melanin:
- Produced by melanocytes
- Ranges from yellow to reddish-brown to black
- Responsible for hair and eye color
- Protects against UV light
- Amount produced determined by genetics, UV light, and hormones
- Freckles are melanin accumulations
- Albinism is the absence of melanin

Dermis

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers for strength and flexibility
Extremely vascular
Contains abundant touch receptors
Provides finger print patterns

Glands

Eccrine:
- Tubular, coiled glands in sweat pores, secrete clear fluid
Apocrine:
- Large, branched tubular glands in axillary, mammary, and genital areas, produce body odors
Ceruminous:
- Large, branched glands usually opening through hair sheaths, often with sebaceous glands
Sebaceous:
- Small alveolar glands near hair follicles, secrete sebum (oil)
- Absent on palms and soles
Mammary:
- Milk-secreting, compound alveolar glands, fully develop during pregnancy

Hair

Strands of tightly packed, keratinized cells originating from hair follicles
With arrector pili (smooth muscle attached) elevating hair upon contraction

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Description

This quiz covers key components and functions of the integumentary system, including skin, hair, nails, and glands. Explore the protective, sensory, regulatory, and excretory roles of the skin, along with fascinating facts about its structure and regions.