Questions and Answers
What are the basic functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, regulation of body temperature, communication, excretion of wastes, and vitamin D production.
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis/Subcutaneous.
What is the structure of the epidermal layer?
Thin, superficial layer of mainly stratified squamous.
What is the function of the epidermal layer?
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What is the structure of the dermal layer?
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What are the two functions of the dermal layer?
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What is the structure of the subcutaneous layer?
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What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer?
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What are the layers of the epidermis?
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What occurs in the stratum basale?
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What occurs in the stratum spinosum?
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What occurs in the stratum granulosum?
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What occurs in the stratum lucidum?
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What occurs in the stratum corneum?
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What happens to cells as they are pushed towards the surface?
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How does the integumentary system regulate an increase in body temperature?
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How is skin color determined?
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What is the difference between sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
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What are the different types of nerve receptors?
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What are the steps in healing an epidermal wound?
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What are the steps in healing a dermal wound?
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What are the accessory organs of the integumentary system?
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What causes variation in hair color?
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What causes hair to turn white or grey?
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What are the types of skin cancers?
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What is the stratum basale?
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What is stratum spinosum?
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What is stratum granulosum?
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What is stratum lucidum?
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What is stratum corneum?
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What occurs during the inflammatory phase of dermal wound healing?
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What occurs during the migratory phase of dermal wound healing?
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What occurs during the proliferate phase of dermal wound healing?
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What occurs during the maturation phase of dermal wound healing?
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What are the two regions of the dermis?
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How is hair formed?
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How does the integumentary system regulate a decrease in body temperature?
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What is the connection between dehydrocholesterol and vitamin D?
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What structure anchors the epidermis to the dermis?
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What are the two types of intradermal injections?
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What is the difference between cutaneous carcinomas and cutaneous melanomas?
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What are the lesion structural differences between cutaneous carcinomas and cutaneous melanomas?
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What can the size and shape of a medulla tell us?
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What information can be gained by doing a scale cast of hair?
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What causes baldness (alopecia)?
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What is the structure of nerve receptors?
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What is the function of nerve receptors?
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What is the difference between Pacinian corpuscles and Meissner corpuscles?
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Describe the function of protection.
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Describe the function of regulation of body temperature.
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Describe the function of communication.
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Describe the function of excretion of wastes.
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Describe the function of vitamin D production.
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What can prolonged and excessive exposure to UV light cause?
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Study Notes
Basic Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protects against body fluid loss, injury, UV light, and microorganisms
- Regulates body temperature through insulation, sweating, and blood flow
- Facilitates communication by reacting to environmental stimuli
- Excretes waste products via sweat glands
- Produces vitamin D through UV exposure, essential for calcium absorption
Layers of Skin
- Composed of three primary layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
Structure of Skin Layers
- Epidermis: Thin, superficial layer made mainly of stratified squamous cells, vital for protection.
- Dermis: Contains widely dispersed cells and is highly vascular, providing nourishment and temperature regulation.
- Subcutaneous Layer: Connects skin to underlying structures; made of adipose and loose connective tissues; functions include insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Epidermis Layers
- Stratum Basale: Deepest layer where mitosis occurs; cells multiply and move to the surface, dying as they lose blood supply.
- Stratum Spinosum: Cells begin to compact and die due to distance from blood vessels.
- Stratum Granulosum: Older cells develop proteins and keratin precursors as they die.
- Stratum Lucidum: Thickened layer on palms/soles composed of dead cells with keratin precursors.
- Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer with 20-50 rows of dead, keratin-filled cells that provide tough protection.
Hair and Skin Color
- Hair color variation results from different pigments produced by melanocytes as directed by DNA.
- Hair turns white or gray due to decreased melanin production with aging.
Glands of the Integumentary System
- Sebaceous Glands: Secrete sebum for hair and skin hydration; associated with hair follicles.
- Sweat Glands: Widespread exocrine glands that help with thermoregulation and waste excretion.
Healing Processes
- Epidermal Wounds: Involve cell migration from the stratum basale; cells proliferate until they meet in the midline.
- Dermal Wounds: Follow a four-phase healing process: inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, and maturation.
Skin Cancers
- Types: Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
- Carcinomas often develop from prolonged sun exposure; melanomas can arise from short, intense exposure.
Nerve Receptors
- Types include Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure) and Meissner corpuscles (light touch).
- Function to receive external stimuli and transmit information to the brain.
Temperature Regulation
- Increase: Blood vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to the skin; sweat glands activate to cool through evaporation.
- Decrease: Blood vessels constrict to reduce heat loss; minor muscle contractions generate heat.
Vitamin D Production
- Dehydrocholesterol in the skin converts to vitamin D upon UV exposure, aiding calcium absorption.
Injections
- Types include subcutaneous (into the subcutaneous layer) and intramuscular (into muscle tissue).
Lesion Characteristics
- Carcinomas are flat or raised, slow-growing, easily treatable; melanomas appear irregular, can be more aggressive and harder to treat.
Factors Affecting Hair and Skin Health
- Baldness can result from infection, stress, medication, radiation, and hormonal changes.
- Structure of nerve receptors involves nerve endings wrapped in connective tissue, enabling perceptual functions.
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Description
Explore the basic functions and structures of the integumentary system, including its layers and vital roles in protection and temperature regulation. This quiz will test your knowledge on the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.