Integumentary System Overview

Protection, regulation of body temperature, communication, excretion of wastes, and vitamin D production.

Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis/Subcutaneous.

Thin, superficial layer of mainly stratified squamous.

<p>Cells in deeper layers are living and dividing that push older cells to the surface where older cells die and fill with keratin to provide tough, waterproof protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widely dispersed cells, highly vascular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood vessels nourish stratum basale and dermal cells, and constrict/dilate to help regulate body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connects skin to underlying structures, composed of adipose and loose connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulates, cushions, energy supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis, as cells are pushed to the surface they die due to being cut off from blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are far enough away from the dermal blood vessels that they begin to compact and die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older cells develop proteins as they die, precursors to keratin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickened skin on the palms and soles due to additional wear and tear, most cells are dead and keratin precursors develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dead cells are collected and filled with keratin allowing cells to be tough and offer protection and replace cells worn away by wear and tear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The farther cells move, the poorer their nutrient supply becomes and they die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As body temperature rises, nerve impulses stimulate structures in the skin and other organs to release heat, warmed blood reaches hypothalamus in brain which controls body temperature and signals muscles in walls of dermal blood vessels to dilate allowing more blood to enter them and escape to the outside, simultaneously the nervous system stimulates the eccrine glands to become active and release sweat onto the skin surface, which as evaporates carrying heat away from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How much melanin is produced from a melanocyte regulated by DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebaceous glands contain groups of specialized epithelial cells and are usually associated with hair follicles and secrete an oily mixture of fatty material and cellular debris called sebum which keeps hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof, while sweat glands are widespread exocrine glands in the dermis or subcutaneous line with sweat secreting epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pacinian corpuscles and Meissner corpuscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migration of epidermal cells across wound cap, cells from stratum basale migrate up edges of wound, cells from stratum basale divide until they meet in the middle (realize contact inhibition).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory phase, migratory phase, proliferate phase, and maturation phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair, nails, nerve receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanocytes produce different pigments as detailed by the DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of pigment in the cortex of a hair shaft, melanin production decreases with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple columnar cells capable of mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified cuboidal cells that are mainly dead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 5 rows, partially flattened cells that contain proteins or granules that are precursors to keratin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Present only on palms and soles, it is 3 to 4 rows of flattened, dead cells containing keratin precursors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 to 50 rows, flattened, dead cells, cells are filled with keratin and the ones that are lost by wear and tear are replaced by deeper cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness (vasodilation), heat (bi-product of metabolic activity), swelling (fluids leave blood vessels into tissues, white blood cells invade), pain (neuron injury and increase in pressure due to swelling).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermal cells migrate across the wound and blood clots forming scab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a reestablishment of epidermis and connective tissue below; fibroblasts migrate and form collagenous fibers, binding the wound together (sutures speed up).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytes remove dead cells, cells mature to heal wound and scab falls off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary region and reticular region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As epidermal cells divide and grow, older cells are pushed toward the surface. As they move upward they move further from the dermal's nutrients so they begin to keratinize and die. The remains extend away from the skin surface creating the hair shaft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels are stimulated to contract decreasing flow of heat-carrying blood through skin, reducing heat loss and sweat glands remain inactive, the nervous system stimulates muscles to contract slightly increasing heat through cellular respiration and small muscles may contract rhythmically with great force causing shivering which generates more heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When dehydrocholesterol is synthesized in the digestive system it then can move to the skin and through exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun will be converted to vitamin D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basement membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcutaneous injections go into the subcutaneous layer and intramuscular injections go into muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous carcinomas are caused by regular exposure to sunlight while cutaneous melanoma is caused by short, intermittent exposure to high-intensity sunlight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinomas are either flat or raised, usually adhere to skin, slow-growing, and can be cured completely through surgery or radiation; melanoma have irregular outlines, may feel bumpy, spread horizontally through body, but may invade the body making treatment difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What species or race the hair belongs to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection, emotional stress, drugs, radiation, male hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve ending wrapped with connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive information from outside world and send to brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pacinian respond to changes in deep pressure, while Meissner respond to slight pressure changes and fine touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vs. body fluid loss, injury, UV light, microorganism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulating barrier, sweat, blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>React to stimuli - cold, hot, touch, pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweat glands release waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV exposure, Vitamin D helps absorb calcium through digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged exposure - increased melanin and darker skin means a tan, excessive exposure - sunburn or DNA mutations mean malignant melanoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers