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Questions and Answers
What condition is primarily associated with the transformation of a commensal organism into a pathogen?
What condition is primarily associated with the transformation of a commensal organism into a pathogen?
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for the development of oral thrush?
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for the development of oral thrush?
What is a common characteristic of the skin in geriatric patients?
What is a common characteristic of the skin in geriatric patients?
What effect does reduced vascular compliance have on older adults?
What effect does reduced vascular compliance have on older adults?
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What skin change in elderly individuals decreases their protection against UV radiation?
What skin change in elderly individuals decreases their protection against UV radiation?
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What is the primary function of the skin in terms of homeostasis?
What is the primary function of the skin in terms of homeostasis?
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Which layer of the skin contains the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands?
Which layer of the skin contains the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands?
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What type of skin lesion is characterized as flat and cannot be palpated?
What type of skin lesion is characterized as flat and cannot be palpated?
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What is the primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis?
What is the primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a common type of papulosquamous disorder?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common type of papulosquamous disorder?
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Which component of sweat glands is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?
Which component of sweat glands is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?
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Which primary lesion is described as raised and not fluid-filled?
Which primary lesion is described as raised and not fluid-filled?
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What percentage of body weight does the skin generally comprise?
What percentage of body weight does the skin generally comprise?
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What are the main symptoms of reexposure to allergens in dermatitis?
What are the main symptoms of reexposure to allergens in dermatitis?
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Where does seborrheic dermatitis typically occur?
Where does seborrheic dermatitis typically occur?
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What characterizes plaque psoriasis?
What characterizes plaque psoriasis?
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Which of the following is NOT a common site for lichen planus?
Which of the following is NOT a common site for lichen planus?
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What is a significant risk factor for hidradenitis suppurativa?
What is a significant risk factor for hidradenitis suppurativa?
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What type of lesions are typically associated with erythema multiforme?
What type of lesions are typically associated with erythema multiforme?
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Which condition is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction involving the destruction of keratinocytes?
Which condition is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction involving the destruction of keratinocytes?
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What is a common feature of folliculitis?
What is a common feature of folliculitis?
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What does tinea refer to in fungal infections?
What does tinea refer to in fungal infections?
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Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection?
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection?
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What is a common complication of shingles?
What is a common complication of shingles?
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What is the predominant lesion type in mild acne vulgaris?
What is the predominant lesion type in mild acne vulgaris?
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What distinguishes acute cellulitis from other skin infections?
What distinguishes acute cellulitis from other skin infections?
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Study Notes
Commensal Organisms and Pathogens
- A change in the host's immune system, allowing the commensal organism to become pathogenic.
- This shift can be caused by factors like weakened immunity, malnutrition, or environmental changes.
Risk Factors for Oral Thrush
- Weakened immune system, often due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or medication side effects.
- Reduced salivary flow, which can occur due to dehydration, medications, or certain medical conditions.
Skin Changes in Geriatric Patients
- Thinner skin, making it more prone to injury and infections.
- Reduced elasticity, leading to wrinkling and sagging.
- Decreased collagen production, resulting in thinner and less firm skin.
Reduced Vascular Compliance in Older Adults
- Increased blood pressure, as the arteries become less flexible and cannot accommodate blood flow as effectively.
- Reduced heart function, as the heart has to work harder to push blood through the less compliant arteries.
Skin Changes Decreasing UV Protection in the Elderly
- Thinner epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, which contains melanin, a pigment that protects against UV radiation.
- Fewer melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin.
Skin's Function in Homeostasis
- Maintaining body temperature through sweating and insulation.
- Protecting against microorganisms and environmental hazards.
- Regulating water loss and electrolyte balance.
Layer of Skin Containing Glands
- The dermis, which is the layer beneath the epidermis.
### Flat Skin Lesions
- Macules – flat, discolored lesions that are less than 1 cm in diameter.
- Patches – flat, discolored lesions that are larger than 1 cm in diameter.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- An immune reaction to a substance that comes into contact with the skin.
- Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel, and latex.
Common Papulosquamous Disorders
- Psoriasis
- Lichen planus
- Pityriasis rosea
Sweat Glands Regulating Body Temperature
- Eccrine glands, which are the most numerous type of sweat gland in the body.
Raised, Non-Fluid Filled Lesions
- Papule - small, solid bumps that can be felt on the skin.
- Plaque - raised, flat-topped areas that are usually greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Skin Percentage of Body Weight
- The skin makes up about 15% to 20% of body weight.
Symptoms of Allergen Re-Exposure in Dermatitis
- Redness
- Swelling
- Itching
- Blisters
- Scaling
- Burning
Seborrheic Dermatitis Location
- Typically affects the scalp, face, chest, and back.
Plaque Psoriasis Characteristics
- Scaly, silvery-white patches of thickened skin, often on the elbows, knees, and scalp.
Common Sites for Lichen Planus
- Mouth
- Skin
- Nails
- Scalp
- Genitals.
Risk Factor for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Family history.
Lesions Associated with Erythema Multiforme
- Target lesions – red, circular lesions with concentric rings.
- Blisters – fluid-filled sacs.
Hypersensitivity Reaction Involving Keratinocyte Destruction
- Pemphigus vulgaris – an autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes.
Folliculitis Feature
- Inflammation of the hair follicles, commonly caused by bacteria.
Tinea in Fungal Infections
- It refers to a group of fungal skin infections that are commonly called ringworm.
Symptom of HSV1 Infection
- Cold sores – small, painful blisters that typically occur on the lips, mouth, or face.
Shingles Complication
- Postherpetic neuralgia – pain that persists after the rash of shingles has cleared.
Predominant Lesion Type in Mild Acne Vulgaris
- Comedones – non-inflammatory lesions that are commonly called blackheads or whiteheads.
Acute Cellulitis Differentiation
- Acute cellulitis is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and warmth, typically spreading rapidly.
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Description
Explore the integumentary system, the body's largest organ system, responsible for functions such as maintaining homeostasis, protecting tissues, and regulating temperature. Learn about the different layers of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, as well as the roles of sweat and sebaceous glands. This quiz will test your knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the skin.
