Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the skin described in the text?
Protecting against abrasion and microorganisms
Which layer of the skin is responsible for vitamin D production?
Epidermis
What is the primary function of the dermis layer of the skin?
Supporting and nourishing the epidermis
Which component of the skin contains sensory receptors for detecting heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain?
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What are the waste products released through sweat primarily composed of?
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In wound healing, what is the difference between epidermal and deep wound healing?
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What type of receptors in the dermis are responsible for detecting changes felt as cutaneous senses?
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Which structure in the skin contains small arteries beneath the epidermis and is responsible for bringing heat-carrying blood to the skin?
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Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the skin?
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What is the main function of arterioles found in the dermis of the skin?
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Which layer in the skin is responsible for housing sensory receptors like Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles?
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Which component of the skin helps with detecting painful stimuli, heat, and cold through free nerve endings?
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What are hair, nails, and sweat glands classified as in relation to the skin?
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Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels that help regulate body temperature by controlling blood flow?
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What is the function of sensory receptors located in the dermis of the skin?
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How do arterioles in the dermis help in regulating body temperature?
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Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis layer of the skin?
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What is the primary role of hair follicles as accessory structures of the skin?
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What is the main function of Merkel cells in the epidermis?
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Which layer of the epidermis consists of layers of dead keratinocytes with only keratin left?
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What is the main function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?
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Which type of cells produce keratin in the epidermis?
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In which layer of the epidermis are the keratinocytes arranged in four or five layers?
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What is the outermost layer of the epidermis that continuously sheds off and is replaced by new cells?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System
- Integument means “covering”
- Dermatology is a branch of medicine that specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders
Skin
- Also called cutaneous membrane
- Covers the external surface of the body
- Largest and most visible body organ
- Multi-layered; made of several different tissue types
Functions
- Protection against abrasion, water loss, and microorganisms
- Cutaneous sensation: detects heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain
- Vitamin D production: cholesterol in skin cells is activated by UV rays
- Temperature regulation: controls blood flow to skin and sweat glands
- Excretion: waste products (urea and ammonia) released through sweat
- Wound healing: process of skin repair following injuries
Layers of the Skin
- Epidermis: superficial, thinner portion composed of epithelial tissue
- Dermis: second, deeper part of the skin composed of fibrous connective tissue
- Hypodermis: subcutaneous tissue connecting dermis to underlying muscles
Epidermis
- Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Thinnest on palmar and plantar surfaces
- No capillaries
- Contains 4 types of cells and 4-5 layers (stratum)
Types of Epidermal Cells
- Keratinocytes: most abundant of the epidermal cells
- Melanocytes: produce melanin, pigment that contributes to skin color
- Langerhans cells: determine adaptive immune response
- Merkel cells: receptors for sense of touch
Layers of the Epidermis
- Stratum corneum: outermost epidermal layer
- Stratum lucidum: present in thicker skin
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale/germinativum
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