Integumentary System and Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary composition of the stratum spongiosum?

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Stratified epithelial tissue

Adipose tissue

Loosely arranged connective tissue and blood vessels (correct)

Which type of gland is found in the stratum spongiosum?

Sweat glands

Mucous glands (correct)

Endocrine glands

Sebaceous glands

How does the stratum compactum differ from the stratum spongiosum?

It consists of compactly arranged white fibrous connective tissue (correct)

It contains blood vessels

It is more loosely organized

It is located above the stratum germinativum

What is the role of the stratum germinativum?

It is responsible for the generation of new skin cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes stratum spongiosum's gland composition?

It contains both poison and mucous glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the frog's skin called?

Stratum Corneum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the color of the frog's skin?

Chromatophores Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical directions, what does the term 'ventral' refer to?

Belly side Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue contains pigments in frogs?

Chromatophores Signup and view all the answers

The term 'proximal' refers to a part of a structure that is:

Nearer the origin Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the frog's body is considered to be the axial region?

Head and trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stratum germinativum?

To continuously divide and replace the stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nictitating membrane in frogs and toads?

It keeps the eyes moist when underwater. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure covers the auditory canal in frogs and toads?

Tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the forelimbs of frogs and toads from their hindlimbs?

Forelimbs bear four digits and a rudimentary thumb. Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is located behind the tympanic membrane in frogs and toads?

Parotoid gland Signup and view all the answers

How do male frogs and toads differ from females in terms of external characteristics?

Males exhibit dark pigmentation on the ventral side of the head. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the tympanic membrane?

It covers the auditory canal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the hindlimbs of frogs and toads?

They consist of a thigh, shank, ankle, and foot. Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of the forelimb structure in frogs?

Four digits and a swollen thumb pad. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System

Two layers: Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis
- Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer, composed of dead, flattened cells. This layer is shed during molting.
- Stratum Germinativum: Innermost layer, composed of living cells that constantly divide and replace the shed stratum corneum.
- Stratum Spongiosum: Loosely arranged connective tissue and blood vessels. Contains poison and mucous glands.
- Stratum Compactum: Layers of tightly packed white fibrous connective tissue.

### External Anatomy

Anatomical Directions:
- Anterior: Head end
- Posterior: Tail end
- Dorsal: Back side
- Ventral: Belly side
Planes of the Body:
- Frontal: Dorsal and ventral sections
- Sagittal (longitudinal): Right and left sections
- Transverse (cross): Anterior and posterior sections
Terms:
- Medial: Near the middle
- Lateral: To the sides
- Proximal: Part of a structure nearer to the origin
- Distal: Part farther from the origin
Axial Region:
- Head and trunk, connected by a short neck.
- Snout: Pointed most anterior portion of the head.
- External Nares: Pair of openings at the tip of the snout.
- Eyes: Bulging eyes at the dorsolateral portion of the head. They have upper and lower eyelids, and a nictitating membrane.
- Tympanic Membrane (eardrum): Ovoid region of tightly drawn skin covering the auditory canal.
- Paratoid Gland/ Poison gland: Large swelling behind the tympanic membrane on each side of the head.
- Cloacal Aperture: Opening on the dorsal side, at the most posterior part of the trunk
Appendicular Region:
- Forelimbs (anterior pair): Short limbs comprised of:
  - Upper arm
  - Forearm
  - Wrist/carpus
  - Hand/manus (bearing four digits and a rudimentary thumb, prepollux).
- Hindlimbs (posterior pair): Long limbs comprised of:
  - Thigh
  - Shank
  - Ankle/tarsus
  - Foot/pes (bearing five digits and a rudimentary toe, prehallux). Hindlimbs have webbed toes.

External Sex Determining Characteristics

Male:
- Dark pigmentation on the ventral side of the head, near the angles of the jaw.
- Enlarged thumb pads on the inner fingers, used during amplexus (false copulation).
Female:
- No distinct pigmentation on the ventral side of the head.
- No swollen thumb pads.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the integumentary system, including the layers of the skin and the anatomical directions and planes of the body. This quiz covers essential terms and concepts important for understanding external anatomy.