Integumentary & Muscular System Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of athlete's foot?

  • Scaly, peeling or cracked skin between the toes
  • Burning or stinging sensation
  • Redness, purple, or greyish inflammation
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the groin (correct)

What is the primary mode of transmission for athlete's foot?

  • Contact with contaminated surfaces. (correct)
  • Inhalation of fungal spores in the air.
  • Direct contact with an infected person.
  • Ingestion of contaminated food.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for athlete's foot?

  • Keeping feet dry and clean
  • Oral antibiotics (correct)
  • Over-the-counter antifungal powders
  • Prescription-strength antifungal creams

What is the defining characteristic of bullous impetigo?

<p>The formation of large, fluid-filled blisters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungal infection?

<p>Athlete's foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of HPV infection?

<p>Non-oncogenic HPV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of HPV infection?

<p>Cancer of the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment for cutaneous warts?

<p>Topical chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of genital warts?

<p>They have a cauliflower-shaped appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of furuncles?

<p>Bacterial infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is NOT a common location for furuncles to develop?

<p>Feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a furuncle and a carbuncle?

<p>Furuncles are individual, while carbuncles are clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for both furuncles and carbuncles?

<p>Drainage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT used for psoriasis?

<p>Oral antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of skin lesion is characteristic of chickenpox?

<p>Pustules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the characteristic silvery scales seen in psoriasis?

<p>Rapid production of keratinocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is shingles typically reactivated?

<p>Stress, aging, or a weakened immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which topical corticosteroids treat psoriasis?

<p>Reducing inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of UVB light therapy for psoriasis?

<p>Keratinocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding shingles?

<p>Shingles can only be transmitted to individuals who have already had chickenpox. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which methotrexate treats psoriasis?

<p>Suppressing the immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for Erythema Multiforme?

<p>Topical Brimonidine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis in Bullous Pemphigoid?

<p>The binding of IgG antibodies to the basement membrane zone initiates the complement cascade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a trigger for Erythema Multiforme?

<p>Herpes simplex viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic skin lesion associated with Erythema Multiforme?

<p>Red macules, papules, wheals, vesicles, bullae, or a combination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme?

<p>Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is more severe and can involve large sheets of epithelium sloughing off the body, while Erythema Multiforme is less severe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids in the treatment of Bullous Pemphigoid?

<p>Corticosteroids reduce inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neutrophils in Bullous Pemphigoid?

<p>Neutrophils are attracted to the site of inflammation by complement fragments and release histamine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nikolsky sign, and how is it related to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

<p>A positive Nikolsky sign indicates that the skin is easily detached, which is a characteristic of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common treatments for intense itching associated with skin conditions?

<p>Emollients and systemic immunosuppressive drugs (C), Antibiotics or systemic immunosuppressive drugs if severe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of rosacea?

<p>Excessive hair growth on the face (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers can potentially worsen rosacea symptoms?

<p>Cold environments and emotional stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages of rosacea involves the development of facial erythema and edema?

<p>Vascular stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying condition is suggested to potentially lead to the development of rosacea?

<p>An infection with H.pylori bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of foodborne botulism?

<p>Consumption of improperly canned foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with tetanus?

<p>Jaw stiffness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is infant botulism different from foodborne botulism?

<p>Toxin is produced after ingestion of endospores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment approach for botulism?

<p>ANTITOXIN administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do spores of Clostridium tetani commonly reside?

<p>In soil, dust, and manure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the botulinum toxin once it enters the body?

<p>Blocks the release of acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step in treating tetanus to prevent toxin release?

<p>Debriding the wound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with botulism?

<p>Sore throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Athlete's Foot

A fungal infection of the foot characterized by scaly, itchy skin, often between the toes.

Tinea Pedis

Another name for athlete's foot; a contagious skin infection caused by fungi.

Signs of Athlete's Foot

Includes scaly skin, itchiness, inflammation, burning, and blisters between toes.

Causes of Athlete's Foot

Commonly caused by damp conditions, enclosed footwear, and public areas like locker rooms.

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Impetigo

A superficial skin infection characterized by crusting and blisters, caused by bacteria like streptococci and staphylococci.

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HPV Types

Human Papillomavirus includes 'non-oncogenic' and 'oncogenic' types causing warts or cancers.

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Common Warts

Cutaneous HPV types cause common warts, typically found on hands, feet, arms, and legs.

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Genital Warts

Genital warts are 'cauliflower-shaped' lesions caused by HPV and differ from common warts.

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HPV Cancer Risks

Certain HPV strains can lead to cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx.

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Cryotherapy for Warts

A wart treatment involving freezing with liquid nitrogen; may take up to four months to be effective.

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Furuncles (Boils)

Skin abscesses caused by staph infection, affecting hair follicles and causing discomfort.

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Carbuncles

Clusters of furuncles connected underneath skin, often result in deeper infections and scarring.

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Boil Treatments

Treatments for boils include drainage and antibiotics effective against MRSA.

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Shingles

Reactivated chickenpox virus causing painful lesions.

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Symptoms of Chickenpox

Pustular rash starting on face, moving to trunk and extremities.

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Chickenpox Transmission

Shingles can transmit chickenpox to others, not shingles itself.

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Diagnosis of Chickenpox

Identifying chickenpox through rash observation and lab tests.

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Psoriasis

Chronic skin condition with scaling, distinct lesions, and silvery scales.

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Cause of Psoriasis

Rapid production of keratinocytes and blood vessel changes causing redness.

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Psoriasis Treatment

Includes topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic medications.

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Vaccination Prevention

Vaccination to prevent chickenpox in children and shingles in adults.

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Emollients

Moisturizers used to soothe and hydrate the skin.

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Topical corticosteroids

Medications applied to the skin to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response.

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Rosacea stages

Four stages of rosacea include flushing, vascular changes, inflammation, and phymatous changes.

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Telangiectases

Small, permanently enlarged blood vessels seen as red spots on the skin.

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Triggers of rosacea

Factors like sun exposure, stress, and spicy foods that can worsen rosacea symptoms.

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Bullous Pemphigoid

An autoimmune blistering disorder causing large, tense blisters and pruritus due to epidermis detachment from dermis.

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IgG

Immunoglobulin G, an antibody that plays a key role in opsonization and neutralization of pathogens.

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Erythema Multiforme

An acute inflammatory disorder characterized by red macules and 'bull's eye' lesions often triggered by HSV.

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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A severe skin reaction to medications, leading to flu-like symptoms and painful skin erosions.

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Treatment for Bullous Pemphigoid

Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms of the condition.

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Topical Azelaic Acid

A medicated cream used to treat acne and rosacea by reducing inflammation and bacteria.

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Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Includes malaise, fever, and target lesions that can merge into large bullae and skin loss.

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Causes of Erythema Multiforme

Commonly caused by infections like HSV and reactions to medications leading to skin lesions.

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Foodborne Botulism

Illness caused by toxin from improperly canned foods consumed before ingestion.

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Infant Botulism

Condition where infants consume spores, producing toxin after ingestion.

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Wound Botulism

Occurs when botulinum spores enter the body through open wounds.

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Iatrogenic Botulism

Botulism caused by excessive botulinum toxin injected for cosmetic purposes.

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Signs of Botulism

Symptoms include dry mouth, blurred vision, and muscle weakness.

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Clostridium tetani

Bacteria causing tetanus, commonly found in soil and enters through wounds.

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Signs of Tetanus

Symptoms include jaw stiffness, difficulty swallowing, and muscle spasms.

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Tetanus Treatment

Involves wound care, antibiotics, and immunization with tetanus toxoid.

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Study Notes

Integumentary System Disorders

  • This category encompasses conditions affecting the skin, such as burns, infections, and cancers.
  • Specific disorders discussed include burns (including first, second, and third-degree types), allergens (contact dermatitis), HPV-related warts, boils, carbuncles, athlete's foot, and impetigo.
  • A further, separate section detailing Hansen's Disease (leprosy) is included.
  • Additional disorders like cellulitis, erysipelas, chickenpox and shingles, psoriasis, a variety of dermatitis conditions, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and more are also included.

Muscular System Disorders

  • This category includes conditions that affect muscles, including autoimmune responses and infections.
  • Examples of disorders are Myasthenia Gravis, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, botulism, tetanus, polio, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis.
  • Tables depicting the types of muscular dystrophy are present, detailing inheritance patterns, age of onset, distribution, and disease progression.
  • A separate in-depth section regarding Duchenne muscular dystrophy is noted.

General Integumentary Conditions

  • Calluses and Corns: These skin-hardening conditions are described, along with their causes and treatment options.
  • Birthmarks: Various types of birthmarks, including vascular and pigmented ones, are outlined, with a focus on characteristics and management approaches.
  • Comprehensive information regarding xeroderma pigmentosum, encompassing its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, are provided.
  • Acanthosis nigricans: A skin condition noted as often associated with certain cancers and other conditions is included.

General Information

  • Laboratory tests: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are mentioned, though not in great detail.

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