Podcast
Questions and Answers
Skin, lung, and blood vessel walls share which tissue characteristic?
Skin, lung, and blood vessel walls share which tissue characteristic?
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Reticular fibers
- Elastic fibers
- Simple squamous epithelium (correct)
Which of the following correctly pairs a cell in the epidermis with its function?
Which of the following correctly pairs a cell in the epidermis with its function?
- Keratinocytes – provide sense of touch and pressure
- Dendritic cells – produce fibers that strengthen the epidermis
- Melanocytes – protect cells from the effects of UV radiation (correct)
- Tactile cells – produce the protein keratin
How do keratinocytes and melanocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage?
How do keratinocytes and melanocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage?
- Keratinocytes maintain the appropriate temperature so melanocyte products do not denature.
- Keratinocytes maintain the appropriate pH for melanin synthesis.
- Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules, forming a UV-blocking layer. (correct)
- Keratinocytes provide melanocytes with nutrients for melanin synthesis.
Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for cell division and replacement?
Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for cell division and replacement?
What primary mechanism protects the body against excessive water loss through the epidermis?
What primary mechanism protects the body against excessive water loss through the epidermis?
Which combination of cells is most likely to be found in the dermis?
Which combination of cells is most likely to be found in the dermis?
Cranial bones develop through which process?
Cranial bones develop through which process?
How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in humans?
How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in humans?
At what stage of life do bones typically reach their peak density?
At what stage of life do bones typically reach their peak density?
How does appositional growth occur in cartilage?
How does appositional growth occur in cartilage?
Which statement best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
Which statement best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
A syndesmosis is a joint where bones are connected by which of the following?
A syndesmosis is a joint where bones are connected by which of the following?
What primary function do the cruciate ligaments serve in the knee joint?
What primary function do the cruciate ligaments serve in the knee joint?
What is the primary function of articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?
What is the primary function of articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?
In skeletal muscle cells, which structure is primarily responsible for calcium storage?
In skeletal muscle cells, which structure is primarily responsible for calcium storage?
What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) primarily represent?
What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) primarily represent?
The brief delay between the arrival of a stimulus and the start of muscle contraction is known as the:
The brief delay between the arrival of a stimulus and the start of muscle contraction is known as the:
How does creatine phosphate function within muscle cells?
How does creatine phosphate function within muscle cells?
What is the primary function of wave summation in muscle contraction?
What is the primary function of wave summation in muscle contraction?
During muscle contraction, where do myosin cross bridges attach?
During muscle contraction, where do myosin cross bridges attach?
Which layer of connective tissue directly surrounds an individual muscle cell (fiber)?
Which layer of connective tissue directly surrounds an individual muscle cell (fiber)?
If a muscle's name includes the term 'biceps', 'triceps', or 'quadriceps', what does this indicate about the muscle's structure?
If a muscle's name includes the term 'biceps', 'triceps', or 'quadriceps', what does this indicate about the muscle's structure?
Which muscle is generally considered the most powerful in the human body?
Which muscle is generally considered the most powerful in the human body?
Which arrangement describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles in a muscle?
Which arrangement describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles in a muscle?
Which of the following best describes the suprahyoid muscles?
Which of the following best describes the suprahyoid muscles?
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle, considering its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine?
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle, considering its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine?
Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters?
Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters?
Which statement about postsynaptic potentials is incorrect?
Which statement about postsynaptic potentials is incorrect?
Which statement accurately describes chemical synapses?
Which statement accurately describes chemical synapses?
Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential?
Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential?
Pyramidal and corticospinal tracts are two terms that describe massive motor tracts responsible for what type of movement?
Pyramidal and corticospinal tracts are two terms that describe massive motor tracts responsible for what type of movement?
An individual can trace a picture of a bicycle but cannot visually recognize it. Damage to which area is most likely the cause?
An individual can trace a picture of a bicycle but cannot visually recognize it. Damage to which area is most likely the cause?
Broca's area is primarily responsible for?
Broca's area is primarily responsible for?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is primarily involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
Which part of the cerebral cortex is primarily involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
Against which substances is the blood-brain barrier most effective?
Against which substances is the blood-brain barrier most effective?
Which of the following brain structures is NOT part of the limbic system?
Which of the following brain structures is NOT part of the limbic system?
If someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin, which type of receptor is primarily responsible for sensing this painful sensation?
If someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin, which type of receptor is primarily responsible for sensing this painful sensation?
Receptors that detect changes in room temperature are found in the skin. Which pair of classifications best describes this receptor type?
Receptors that detect changes in room temperature are found in the skin. Which pair of classifications best describes this receptor type?
Why can we touch our finger to our nose with our eyes closed, and which receptors are most responsible for this ability?
Why can we touch our finger to our nose with our eyes closed, and which receptors are most responsible for this ability?
Tactile sensation includes touch, pressure, stretch, and vibration. Which receptor type is most likely involved in sensing tactile stimulation?
Tactile sensation includes touch, pressure, stretch, and vibration. Which receptor type is most likely involved in sensing tactile stimulation?
A person seeks a deep-tissue massage. Which receptors would be stimulated during this type of massage?
A person seeks a deep-tissue massage. Which receptors would be stimulated during this type of massage?
How is a stimulus's strength transmitted from sensory nerves to the central nervous system?
How is a stimulus's strength transmitted from sensory nerves to the central nervous system?
Flashcards
Function of Melanocytes
Function of Melanocytes
Melanocytes protect cells from UV radiation.
Keratinocytes and UV protection
Keratinocytes and UV protection
Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer.
Epidermal cell division layer
Epidermal cell division layer
Stratum basale is responsible for cell division and replacement in the epidermis.
Water loss protection in skin
Water loss protection in skin
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Cell types in the dermis
Cell types in the dermis
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Cranial bone development
Cranial bone development
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Calcitonin function
Calcitonin function
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Peak bone density age
Peak bone density age
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Appositional cartilage growth
Appositional cartilage growth
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Interstitial cartilage growth
Interstitial cartilage growth
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Syndesmosis joint type
Syndesmosis joint type
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Knee cruciate ligaments function
Knee cruciate ligaments function
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Function of articular cartilage
Function of articular cartilage
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Calcium storage in muscle cells
Calcium storage in muscle cells
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Excess postexercise oxygen consumption
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption
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Latent period in muscle cells
Latent period in muscle cells
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Creatine phosphate function
Creatine phosphate function
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Wave summation function
Wave summation function
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Myosin attachment during contraction
Myosin attachment during contraction
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Endomysium location
Endomysium location
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Muscle name origins
Muscle name origins
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Most powerful muscle
Most powerful muscle
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Bipennate fascicle pattern
Bipennate fascicle pattern
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Suprahyoid muscles location
Suprahyoid muscles location
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Supraspinatus function
Supraspinatus function
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Not a neurotransmitter class
Not a neurotransmitter class
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Nerve impulse condition
Nerve impulse condition
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Chemical synapses function
Chemical synapses function
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Graded potential characteristic
Graded potential characteristic
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Motor tract terms
Motor tract terms
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Visual association area damage
Visual association area damage
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Broca's area function
Broca's area function
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Prefrontal cortex function
Prefrontal cortex function
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Blood-brain barrier protection
Blood-brain barrier protection
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Not a limbic system structure
Not a limbic system structure
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Nociceptors function
Nociceptors function
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Receptors for temperature changes
Receptors for temperature changes
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Proprioceptors function
Proprioceptors function
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Tactile stimulation receptor
Tactile stimulation receptor
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Massaged receptors
Massaged receptors
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Stimulus strength and nerve
Stimulus strength and nerve
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Study Notes
- Skin, lung, and blood vessel walls all have stratified squamous epithelium in common.
- Melanocytes are correctly matched with protecting cells from the effects of UV radiation.
- Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage, the keratinocytes accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer.
- The stratum basale is responsible for cell division and replacement in the epidermis.
- Glycolipids secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces protect against excessive water loss through the skin.
- Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells are likely to be found in the dermis.
- Cranial bones develop within fibrous membranes.
- The effect of the hormone calcitonin is to temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses.
- Bones reach their peak density in early adulthood.
- Appositional growth of cartilage is the secretion of a new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.
- Interstitial growth of cartilage is best described as chondrocytes in the lacunae dividing and secreting matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
- A syndesmosis is a situation where the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue.
- The cruciate ligaments of the knee prevent hyperextension of the knee.
- Articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones provides a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints.
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the structure in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage.
- Excess postexercise oxygen consumption represents the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used.
- Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell, there is a short latent period.
- Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP.
- The primary function of wave summation is to increase muscle tension.
- During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to actin filaments
- The endomysium surrounds an individual muscle cell.
- When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, it tells you the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
- The most powerful muscle in the body is the quadriceps femoris.
- A bipennate pattern of fascicles is an arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.
- Suprahyoid muscles are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
- The supraspinatus' action is to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus.
- Nucleic acid is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters.
- A nerve impulse does NOT occur if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal; one must be of a greater value than the other to cause hyperpolarization or remain below threshold, respectively
- Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are pyramidal and corticospinal.
- An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the visual association area.
- Broca's area is considered a motor speech area.
- The prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality.
- The blood-brain barrier is effective against metabolic waste such as urea.
- All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the caudate nucleus.
- Nociceptors are responsible for perceiving much pain if someone spills very hot coffee (200°F) on their skin.
- Receptors that respond to changes in room temperature are thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors.
- Proprioceptors are most likely responsible for sensing the position and movement of joints and the length of stretch in muscles.
- Mechanoreceptors are most likely the receptor type that senses tactile stimulation.
- Lamellar corpuscles would be stimulated by a deep-tissue therapeutic massage.
- Action potential frequency is increased as stimulus strength increases.
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