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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of hair in the integument system?
What is the primary function of hair in the integument system?
- Provides color to the skin and hair strands
- Protection, regulation of body temperature, and sensory input (correct)
- Protection and regulation of hair growth
- Facilitating nutrient absorption through the skin
Which component of hair is responsible for producing hair color?
Which component of hair is responsible for producing hair color?
- Hair matrix
- Hair shaft
- Hair cuticle
- Hair bulb (correct)
What type of gland is the primary contributor to sweat regulation on the skin surface?
What type of gland is the primary contributor to sweat regulation on the skin surface?
- Myoepithelial glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Merocrine glands (correct)
- Apocrine glands
Which layer of the hair follicle is part of the dermis?
Which layer of the hair follicle is part of the dermis?
The primary function of nails is to protect which part of the body?
The primary function of nails is to protect which part of the body?
What does the lunula represent in nail structure?
What does the lunula represent in nail structure?
Which structure in the hair follicle contains actively dividing cells?
Which structure in the hair follicle contains actively dividing cells?
What type of cells are involved in the thermoregulation function of sweat glands?
What type of cells are involved in the thermoregulation function of sweat glands?
The hard part of the nail is referred to as what?
The hard part of the nail is referred to as what?
What causes the phenomenon known as 'goosebumps'?
What causes the phenomenon known as 'goosebumps'?
Which of the following correctly identifies the primary function of sebaceous glands?
Which of the following correctly identifies the primary function of sebaceous glands?
What is the initial origin of hair development during embryological growth?
What is the initial origin of hair development during embryological growth?
Which statement about apocrine glands is true?
Which statement about apocrine glands is true?
What crucial role do melanoblasts play in hair development?
What crucial role do melanoblasts play in hair development?
In the development of sweat glands, what process do the central cells undergo to create the lumen of the sweat gland duct?
In the development of sweat glands, what process do the central cells undergo to create the lumen of the sweat gland duct?
What distinguishes mammary glands from other types of sweat glands?
What distinguishes mammary glands from other types of sweat glands?
What process involves the proliferation of stratum germinativum cells leading to hair follicle formation?
What process involves the proliferation of stratum germinativum cells leading to hair follicle formation?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the formation of merocrine sweat glands?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the formation of merocrine sweat glands?
What type of cellular composition is characteristic of myoepithelial cells in sweat glands?
What type of cellular composition is characteristic of myoepithelial cells in sweat glands?
What is a key characteristic of eccrine sweat glands in relation to their origin?
What is a key characteristic of eccrine sweat glands in relation to their origin?
Which of the following statements best describes the development of sebaceous glands?
Which of the following statements best describes the development of sebaceous glands?
What type of hair is characterized as being present during fetal development and shedding shortly after birth?
What type of hair is characterized as being present during fetal development and shedding shortly after birth?
Which statement accurately compares eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
Which statement accurately compares eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?
What is the clinical significance of making incisions parallel to lines of cleavage?
What is the clinical significance of making incisions parallel to lines of cleavage?
Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize?
Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize?
What occurs to terminal hair as a person ages?
What occurs to terminal hair as a person ages?
What describes the relationship between sebum and vernix caseosa?
What describes the relationship between sebum and vernix caseosa?
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands after maturation?
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands after maturation?
Which feature is not associated with striae (stretch marks)?
Which feature is not associated with striae (stretch marks)?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Accessory Organs
-
Hair
- Functions: Protection, body temperature regulation, sensory input.
- Components:
- Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle (strength and wear).
- Hair Shaft: Visible part above skin; Hair Follicle: Tube surrounding root.
- Hair Bulb: Base containing dividing cells; Hair Matrix: Keratinization site.
- Holocrine glands: Secrete sebum for lubrication; Sebaceous follicles: Directly secrete onto epidermis.
- Arrector Pili Muscle: Causes goosebumps; connects dermal papillae to stratum basale.
-
Nails
- Functions: Protect distal phalanges, enhance fine motor movements.
- Components:
- Nail Plate: Hard part; Nail Bed: Skin beneath plate; Lunula: Crescent area at base.
- Nail Matrix: Responsible for growth; Eponychium: Cuticle; Hyponychium: Thickened skin under nail.
-
Sweat Glands
- Functions: Thermoregulation, waste excretion; contains myoepithelial cells.
- Types:
- Merocrine Glands: Widespread, release sweat onto skin surface.
- Apocrine Glands: Found in specific areas (armpits, groin), release into hair follicles.
-
Sebaceous Glands
- Functions: Lubricate and waterproof skin and hair by secreting sebum.
- Sebum: Oily substance protecting and moisturizing skin.
-
Mammary Glands
- Specialized apocrine sweat glands functioning in lactation during pregnancy.
Embryological Development of Accessory Organs
-
Hair Development
- Originates from ectoderm, influenced by mesoderm.
- Lanugo: First hairs, replaced by course/terminal hairs in specific regions.
- Melanoblasts migrate to hair bulbs to provide color.
- Process includes hair follicle budding and keratinization.
-
Sweat Gland Formation
- Originates from epidermal ectoderm.
- Merocrine development involves stratum germinativum outgrowths creating sweat ducts.
- Apocrine glands begin as hair follicle outgrowths, localized to specific areas, activate at puberty.
-
Sebaceous Gland Formation
- Develops from ectodermal cells with hair follicles.
- Primordia form during hair follicle invagination.
- Sebocytes produce sebum which combines with skin cells to form vernix caseosa.
Types of Hair and Aging
-
Lanugo
- Present during fetal development, shed shortly after birth.
-
Vellus Hair
- Covers body in childhood, some areas transition to terminal hair during puberty.
-
Terminal Hair
- Develops in more areas post-puberty; may thin or bald in adulthood with increased growth in ears and nose.
Sweat Glands Comparison
-
Merocrine Sweat Glands
- Connection: Directly to skin surface.
- Secretion: Watery sweat for cooling.
- Location: Found throughout the body.
- Control: More localized function.
- Function: Thermoregulation.
-
Apocrine Sweat Glands
- Connection: Opens into hair follicles.
- Secretion: Thicker sweat associated with odor.
- Location: Axillary, pubic regions, and peripheral to nipples.
- Control: Activated at puberty.
- Function: May contribute to scent.
Clinical Relevance of Integumentary System
- Incisions:
- Perpendicular to lines of cleavage may gap, delay healing, and increase scar tissue.
- Parallel incisions heal faster with less scarring.
- Striae: Result from skin stretching beyond capacity, leading to torn collagen.
- Skin Turgor: Reflects skin's flexibility and resilience related to water content.
Skin Cancer Types and Origins
-
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Originates from basal cells in stratum basale; slow-growing, rarely metastasizes.
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Arises from squamous cells in stratum spinosum; more aggressive with a higher metastasis risk.
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