Integument Accessory Organs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hair in the integument system?

  • Provides color to the skin and hair strands
  • Protection, regulation of body temperature, and sensory input (correct)
  • Protection and regulation of hair growth
  • Facilitating nutrient absorption through the skin

    • Which component of hair is responsible for producing hair color?

  • Hair matrix
  • Hair shaft
  • Hair cuticle
  • Hair bulb (correct)

    • What type of gland is the primary contributor to sweat regulation on the skin surface?

  • Myoepithelial glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Merocrine glands (correct)
  • Apocrine glands

    • Which layer of the hair follicle is part of the dermis?

    <p>External root sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of nails is to protect which part of the body?

    <p>Distal phalanges and prevent infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lunula represent in nail structure?

    <p>The white crescent-shaped area at the nail’s base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the hair follicle contains actively dividing cells?

    <p>Hair matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are involved in the thermoregulation function of sweat glands?

    <p>Myoepithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hard part of the nail is referred to as what?

    <p>Nail plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the phenomenon known as 'goosebumps'?

    <p>Contraction of the arrector pili muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the primary function of sebaceous glands?

    <p>Secretion of sebum to lubricate and waterproof skin and hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial origin of hair development during embryological growth?

    <p>Epidermal ectoderm influenced by mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about apocrine glands is true?

    <p>They release sweat into hair follicles and can contribute to body odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role do melanoblasts play in hair development?

    <p>They provide color to hair by differentiating into melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the development of sweat glands, what process do the central cells undergo to create the lumen of the sweat gland duct?

    <p>Degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mammary glands from other types of sweat glands?

    <p>They specialize in lactation during pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the proliferation of stratum germinativum cells leading to hair follicle formation?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the formation of merocrine sweat glands?

    <p>Epidermal ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cellular composition is characteristic of myoepithelial cells in sweat glands?

    <p>Specialized smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of eccrine sweat glands in relation to their origin?

    <p>They do not connect to hair follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the development of sebaceous glands?

    <p>They form as lateral outgrowths during hair follicle invagination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hair is characterized as being present during fetal development and shedding shortly after birth?

    <p>Lanugo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately compares eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

    <p>Apocrine glands have a connection to hair follicles, while eccrine glands do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of making incisions parallel to lines of cleavage?

    <p>They gap less and heal faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize?

    <p>Squamous Cell Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to terminal hair as a person ages?

    <p>There is potential thinning or balding in some areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the relationship between sebum and vernix caseosa?

    <p>Sebum mixes with epidermis skin cells to form vernix caseosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sebaceous glands after maturation?

    <p>Lubricating skin and hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is not associated with striae (stretch marks)?

    <p>Skin turgor improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Accessory Organs

    • Hair

      • Functions: Protection, body temperature regulation, sensory input.
      • Components:
        • Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle (strength and wear).
        • Hair Shaft: Visible part above skin; Hair Follicle: Tube surrounding root.
        • Hair Bulb: Base containing dividing cells; Hair Matrix: Keratinization site.
        • Holocrine glands: Secrete sebum for lubrication; Sebaceous follicles: Directly secrete onto epidermis.
        • Arrector Pili Muscle: Causes goosebumps; connects dermal papillae to stratum basale.

    • Nails

      • Functions: Protect distal phalanges, enhance fine motor movements.
      • Components:
        • Nail Plate: Hard part; Nail Bed: Skin beneath plate; Lunula: Crescent area at base.
        • Nail Matrix: Responsible for growth; Eponychium: Cuticle; Hyponychium: Thickened skin under nail.

    • Sweat Glands

      • Functions: Thermoregulation, waste excretion; contains myoepithelial cells.
      • Types:
        • Merocrine Glands: Widespread, release sweat onto skin surface.
        • Apocrine Glands: Found in specific areas (armpits, groin), release into hair follicles.

    • Sebaceous Glands

      • Functions: Lubricate and waterproof skin and hair by secreting sebum.
      • Sebum: Oily substance protecting and moisturizing skin.

    • Mammary Glands

      • Specialized apocrine sweat glands functioning in lactation during pregnancy.

    Embryological Development of Accessory Organs

    • Hair Development

      • Originates from ectoderm, influenced by mesoderm.
      • Lanugo: First hairs, replaced by course/terminal hairs in specific regions.
      • Melanoblasts migrate to hair bulbs to provide color.
      • Process includes hair follicle budding and keratinization.

    • Sweat Gland Formation

      • Originates from epidermal ectoderm.
      • Merocrine development involves stratum germinativum outgrowths creating sweat ducts.
      • Apocrine glands begin as hair follicle outgrowths, localized to specific areas, activate at puberty.

    • Sebaceous Gland Formation

      • Develops from ectodermal cells with hair follicles.
      • Primordia form during hair follicle invagination.
      • Sebocytes produce sebum which combines with skin cells to form vernix caseosa.

    Types of Hair and Aging

    • Lanugo

      • Present during fetal development, shed shortly after birth.

    • Vellus Hair

      • Covers body in childhood, some areas transition to terminal hair during puberty.

    • Terminal Hair

      • Develops in more areas post-puberty; may thin or bald in adulthood with increased growth in ears and nose.

    Sweat Glands Comparison

    • Merocrine Sweat Glands

      • Connection: Directly to skin surface.
      • Secretion: Watery sweat for cooling.
      • Location: Found throughout the body.
      • Control: More localized function.
      • Function: Thermoregulation.

    • Apocrine Sweat Glands

      • Connection: Opens into hair follicles.
      • Secretion: Thicker sweat associated with odor.
      • Location: Axillary, pubic regions, and peripheral to nipples.
      • Control: Activated at puberty.
      • Function: May contribute to scent.

    Clinical Relevance of Integumentary System

    • Incisions:
      • Perpendicular to lines of cleavage may gap, delay healing, and increase scar tissue.
      • Parallel incisions heal faster with less scarring.
    • Striae: Result from skin stretching beyond capacity, leading to torn collagen.
    • Skin Turgor: Reflects skin's flexibility and resilience related to water content.

    Skin Cancer Types and Origins

    • Basal Cell Carcinoma

      • Originates from basal cells in stratum basale; slow-growing, rarely metastasizes.

    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

      • Arises from squamous cells in stratum spinosum; more aggressive with a higher metastasis risk.

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    Anatomy Lecture 5 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the functions and components of the integument's accessory organs, specifically focusing on hair. This quiz will cover the structure of hair, including the medulla, cortex, cuticle, hair shaft, and hair follicle. Get ready to reinforce your understanding of these vital components!

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