Integrative vs Distributive Negotiations
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Questions and Answers

What are the potential reasons for impasses in negotiations?

  • Fixed pie bias and emotional escalation (correct)
  • High reservation prices by both parties
  • Shared interests between the buyer and seller
  • Clear communication between the parties
  • What is meant by 'fixed pie bias' in negotiations?

  • The tendency to focus solely on monetary compensation
  • The assumption that the negotiators can only agree on a single price
  • The belief that the other party's interests are completely opposed to one's own (correct)
  • The view that all parties will automatically be satisfied with the outcome
  • How can emotions affect negotiations?

  • They often lead to further commitments to failing strategies (correct)
  • They result in more open information sharing
  • They are irrelevant to the negotiation process
  • They can enhance clarity and agreement
  • Which of the following is NOT a reason for failing to realize integrative potential in negotiations?

    <p>Over-communication of interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be included in solutions during a negotiation?

    <p>A job guarantee and a line of credit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes positions from interests in negotiations?

    <p>Positions are what you ask for, whereas interests explain why you ask for it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the interests of the VP Operations?

    <p>Managers to support expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reservation price set by the VP Operations?

    <p>$160,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total interest cost that the Restaurant Owner is considering for the trip?

    <p>$190,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if the VP Operations does not secure the restaurant?

    <p>Lose clients and potentially harm reputation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key benefit does the Restaurant Owner seek upon return from their trip?

    <p>Job security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Restaurant Owner's offer compare with the VP Operations' reservation price?

    <p>The Owner's offer is higher than the VP's reservation price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason interests are crucial in negotiations?

    <p>They enable bridging a deal between parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of making late first offers in integrative negotiations?

    <p>It facilitates the discovery of creative agreements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect does delaying the first offer have on information exchange in negotiations?

    <p>It allows for greater information exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'perspective taking' in negotiations?

    <p>Perceiving a situation from another individual’s point of view. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does delaying the first offer impact the focus of negotiations?

    <p>It reduces the focus on early positions and promotes discussing interests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scale is used to measure how well the interests of the other party are met?

    <p>1 to 7 scale. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of making late first offers?

    <p>It encourages preemptive offers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of flexibility refer to in the context of late first offers?

    <p>Encouraging open dialogue about interests and positions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is taking the other party's perspective beneficial in negotiations?

    <p>It builds empathy and may lead to creative solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of negotiators mimicking their counterparts?

    <p>It creates more value in negotiations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy focuses on understanding the other party's priorities?

    <p>Take their perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should negotiators be cautious about the level of mimicry used during negotiations?

    <p>Status differences should be considered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a handshake typically signal in a negotiation context?

    <p>Cooperative intent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT listed as helpful for creating value in negotiations?

    <p>Provide personal opinions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asking questions during negotiations serves what primary purpose?

    <p>To gather information relevant to both parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is associated with negotiators who ask thoughtful questions?

    <p>They are likely to reach deals more often. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should negotiators avoid when using mimicry as a strategy?

    <p>Overly imitating their opponents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential hindrance to achieving integrative negotiations?

    <p>Fixed pie bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy can enhance integrative negotiations?

    <p>Perspective taking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent an obstacle in integrative negotiations?

    <p>Effective questioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach should be avoided to foster integrative negotiation?

    <p>High-pressure tactics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the best ways to build trust during negotiations?

    <p>Using mimicry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does asking questions provide in negotiations?

    <p>It reveals priorities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary observation made by the student during his visit to AfterXroom?

    <p>Most customers were 35 years and older. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did Jeff, the stylist, mention regarding their customer base?

    <p>They find it difficult to attract SMU students due to pricing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the student acquire after offering to promote the salon?

    <p>Salon Ambassador (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the benefits the student received as the Salon Ambassador?

    <p>A $15 discount on the initial haircut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit listed for customers who quoted the ambassador's name?

    <p>Free hair service upgrades (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of integrative negotiations mentioned?

    <p>They focus on mutual benefit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long was the initial term for the Salon Ambassador position?

    <p>Two months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Positions in negotiation

    What a person asks for in a negotiation.

    Interests in negotiation

    The underlying reasons or motivations behind a position.

    Restaurant Owner's Interests

    The owner's reasons for wanting to sell, including a trip, expenses, and job security.

    VP Operations' Interests

    The VP's reasons for wanting to buy the restaurant, including location, customers, and managers.

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    BATNA

    Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement: a course of action if a negotiation fails.

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    Reservation Price (VP)

    The VP's desired price for the restaurant.

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    Reservation Price (Owner)

    The owner's desired price for the restaurant.

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    Bridging the Deal

    Reaching an agreement by focusing on common interests.

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    Fixed Pie Bias

    The belief that the interests of parties in a negotiation are completely opposed.

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    Integrative Negotiation

    A negotiation strategy focused on finding solutions that satisfy the needs of both parties.

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    Emotions and Escalation

    Emotional responses can lead negotiators to continue with failing strategies.

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    Reservation Price

    The lowest price a party is willing to accept in a negotiation.

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    Lack of Communication and Information sharing

    Inability to effectively share information and communicate interests, hindering successful outcomes.

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    Late First Offers in Negotiations

    Making your first offer in a negotiation later than usual, after understanding the other party's needs and interests.

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    Benefits of Late First Offers

    Late first offers encourage exploring interests, finding creative solutions, and reduce the focus on initial positions.

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    Perspective Taking in Negotiations

    The ability to understand and see the situation from the other party's point of view, considering their needs, goals, and motivations.

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    Why Take Perspective?

    Taking perspective allows for better understanding of the other party's needs, enabling the identification of potential compromises and mutually beneficial agreements.

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    Early First Offers

    Making a first offer early in the negotiation process, without fully understanding the other party's interests.

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    Why Avoid Early First Offers

    Early first offers may limit the exploration of interests, leading to less creative solutions and less flexible outcomes.

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    Information Exchange in Negotiations

    The process of sharing information between parties to understand each other's needs, interests, and potential solutions.

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    Mimicry in Negotiations

    Adopting the mannerisms and body language of your negotiation counterpart to build trust and rapport. Studies show that mimicking can lead to more successful negotiations.

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    Handshakes Signal Cooperation

    A handshake in a negotiation can indicate a willingness to collaborate and reach a mutually beneficial agreement. It sends a nonverbal signal of trust and good intentions.

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    Delaying First Offers

    In negotiations, it's often advantageous to wait for the other party to make the first offer. This allows you to gather information and understand their priorities before presenting your own position.

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    Understanding Their Perspective

    Taking the time to understand the other party's needs, interests, and motivations in a negotiation is crucial for finding mutually beneficial solutions. It involves putting yourself in their shoes.

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    Building Trust in Negotiations

    Trust is essential for effective negotiations. Building trust can be achieved through acts of reciprocity, open communication, and demonstrating honesty and integrity.

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    Asking Strategic Questions

    Asking insightful questions in negotiations helps you understand the other party's priorities and motivations. This allows you to tailor your proposals and find solutions that meet their needs.

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    Asking for Importance and Benefits

    When asking questions in negotiations, it's effective to inquire about the importance and potential benefits of the proposal to the other party. This helps understand their underlying interests.

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    Exploring Alternative Solutions

    In negotiations, asking about other options to achieve the desired outcome can lead to creative and beneficial solutions for both parties. It broadens the negotiation space.

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    Negative Bargaining Zone

    A situation where the parties' desired outcomes are so far apart that no agreement is possible without concessions.

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    Late First Offers

    Delaying your initial proposal until you better understand the other party's interests and needs.

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    Perspective Taking

    Trying to see the negotiation from the other party's point of view, considering their needs, goals, and motivations.

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    Building Trust

    Establishing a foundation of mutual confidence and respect through actions like being vulnerable, mirroring, and handshakes.

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    Revealing Priorities

    Asking questions in a negotiation can help you understand the other party's most important needs and priorities.

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    Increased Liking

    Research suggests that asking questions can make the other party like you more.

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    Real-World Negotiation Example

    A student used questions during a haircut negotiation to uncover the salon's challenges attracting students.

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    What is a 'Salon Ambassador'?

    A person who promotes a salon to potential customers, often receiving discounts and other benefits in return.

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    Negotiating Benefits

    By asking questions, the student in the haircut example secured benefits like discounts and free haircuts.

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    Study Notes

    Integrative Negotiations

    • Integrative negotiations differ from distributive negotiations. In distributive, opposing preferences maximize one's individual gain ("slicing the pie"). Integrative approaches seek to maximize individual and joint gain ("increasing the pie").

    • Common interests exist in integrative negotiations.

    Distributive Negotiations

    • Distributive negotiations aim to maximize one's gain by leveraging opposing preferences.

    • Key strategies include:

      • Improving BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement), maximizing value, and increasing certainty.
      • Making ambitious, precise first offers to set the tone and anchor the opponent.
      • Using qualitative anchors (e.g., highlighting pros/cons).
      • Utilizing decreasing concessions to signal reaching the bottom line.
      • Only revealing strong BATNA, but not reservation price.

    Today's Class

    • Focused on integrative negotiations.
    • Included an exercise ("Holy Crab").
    • Covered pitfalls in integrative negotiations.
    • Discussed integrative strategies.

    Exercise "Holy Crab"

    • Students engaged in a negotiation exercise.
    • Preparation, negotiation and class continued phase of exercise.

    Your Negotiation Partner

    • Provided role information for different groups (G1, G2, G3).

    Role Information (1/2) and (2/2)

    • Provided details like BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement), Reservation Price, and Interests for both VP Operations (buyer) and Restaurant Owner (seller).
      • Example: VP's BATNA: $200k to build a new restaurant/Lose clients, reservation price: $160,000.

    Bargaining Zone

    • The area between the buyer and seller's reservation prices in a negotiation. A negative zone indicates a potential lack of overlap in interests and possible impasse.

    Interests and Positions

    • Identifying and focusing on the underlying interests, not just the positions, is crucial for value creation in integrative negotiations.

    Value Creation Strategies

    • The following strategies are important in integrative negotiations:
      • Delaying initial offers.
      • Understanding the other party's perspective.
      • Building trust (being vulnerable, mimicking).
      • Using handshakes to signal cooperative intent.

    Asking Questions

    • Useful for uncovering priorities, revealing interests, and increasing rapport, which are helpful to create dealmaking potential.
    • Asking effective questions leads to greater dealmaking. Examples like: "Why is this important to you?" "How would this help you?" "Are there other options to achieve this?"

    Next Session

    • Provide feedback to partner.
    • Research and develop an additional integrative strategy.
    • Submit strategies and email to instructor.
    • Read a negotiation article.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between integrative and distributive negotiations, emphasizing strategies and concepts such as BATNA and common interests. Students will engage with key techniques that impact negotiation outcomes, enhancing understanding of how to maximize both individual and joint gains in negotiations.

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