Professional Integrity and Science

What is a key aspect of science that involves distinguishing between theories and evidence?

In the context of pseudoscience, what is a common characteristic regarding probabilities and mathematics?

What is a common logical fallacy observed in arguments where the authority of an individual is used as evidence?

Which factor contributes to the replication crisis in scientific research?

What differentiates science from pseudoscience in terms of how evidence is treated?

What distinguishes pseudoscience from science in terms of evidence collection?

What is a key characteristic of the replication crisis in scientific research?

Which factor contributes to making evidence-based conclusions in science probabilistic in nature?

What is a common aspect of pseudoscience regarding qualifications and grant procedures?

In distinguishing between science and pseudoscience, what role does transparency play in evidence collection?

Integrated Professional, Ethical, and Personal Identity

Understanding the interaction between personal and professional selves in an ethical context
Using best-known practices ensures harm minimization, defensible treatments, and systematic accumulation of knowledge

Science and Evidence

Science involves an attitude of humility, wonder, and commitment to understanding the truth
Involves understanding methods used to generate evidence and distinguishing between theories and evidence
Recognizes that understandings are distinct from individuals who propose or support them
Accepts that evidence-based conclusions are probabilistic and open to criticism
Requires transparency in evidence gathering and open communication for worldwide transmission of findings and criticism

Pseudoscience

Characterized by arrogance, accepting anecdotal and poorly controlled evidence, and inability to distinguish between theories and evidence
Often involves an "important" individual associated with the theory, and evidence collected behind closed doors
May involve one-way transmission of information with no opportunity for questioning or criticism
May have little value or formalized qualifications, and status or promotions guaranteed by supporting current beliefs

Logical Fallacies

Argument from/ Appeal to Authority: believing something is true because an important person said it or endorses it
Ad Hominem: attacking someone personally instead of their claim or evidence
Argument from/Appeal to Antiquity: believing something is true because it has been known for a long time

Replication Crisis

Process of repeating research to determine the extent to which findings generalize across time and situations
Factors contributing to the crisis include pressure to publish, desire for new studies, and lack of transparency in evidence gathering

Explore the concept of an integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity and understand the importance of ethical considerations in one's personal and professional life. Learn how to minimize harm, avoid untested techniques, and choose the most effective treatments in practice.