Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of channel member?
Which of the following is NOT a type of channel member?
Channel conflict can be classified into horizontal and vertical types.
Channel conflict can be classified into horizontal and vertical types.
True (A)
What are the two main types of distribution channels?
What are the two main types of distribution channels?
Direct and Indirect
The three types of channel members are merchants, agents, and __________.
The three types of channel members are merchants, agents, and __________.
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Match the following channel members with their respective roles:
Match the following channel members with their respective roles:
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Which of the following describes the role of marketing channels?
Which of the following describes the role of marketing channels?
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Pull strategy focuses on pushing products to retailers and customers.
Pull strategy focuses on pushing products to retailers and customers.
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Name one advantage of using a direct distribution channel.
Name one advantage of using a direct distribution channel.
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Which distribution strategy focuses on maximizing market coverage?
Which distribution strategy focuses on maximizing market coverage?
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Vertical channel conflict involves members at the same level of the distribution channel.
Vertical channel conflict involves members at the same level of the distribution channel.
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What are some common causes of channel conflict?
What are some common causes of channel conflict?
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A sales agency charging a ______ commission per batch can be a cost-effective strategy for some companies.
A sales agency charging a ______ commission per batch can be a cost-effective strategy for some companies.
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Match the type of conflict with its description:
Match the type of conflict with its description:
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What is the primary factor to consider when establishing economic goals for a distribution channel?
What is the primary factor to consider when establishing economic goals for a distribution channel?
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Calculate the break-even sale quantity for hiring a sales force versus using the Dunder-Mifflin sales agency.
Calculate the break-even sale quantity for hiring a sales force versus using the Dunder-Mifflin sales agency.
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Using a pull strategy means promoting products directly to consumers to stimulate demand.
Using a pull strategy means promoting products directly to consumers to stimulate demand.
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A firm using an indirect distribution channel has a closer contact with its customers.
A firm using an indirect distribution channel has a closer contact with its customers.
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Convenience products usually employ selective distribution.
Convenience products usually employ selective distribution.
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Among different types of channel alternatives, which has the lowest cost per transaction?
Among different types of channel alternatives, which has the lowest cost per transaction?
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Franchise organizations, such as Subway, fall under which type of Vertical Marketing System?
Franchise organizations, such as Subway, fall under which type of Vertical Marketing System?
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What are the three roles of marketing communications?
What are the three roles of marketing communications?
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The IMC mix consists of advertising, sales promotions, PR, sales force, events and experiences, and ________ marketing.
The IMC mix consists of advertising, sales promotions, PR, sales force, events and experiences, and ________ marketing.
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Match the following budgeting methods with their descriptions:
Match the following budgeting methods with their descriptions:
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Sales promotions can be easily duplicated by competitors and abused by final customers.
Sales promotions can be easily duplicated by competitors and abused by final customers.
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What type of advertising focuses on non-product-related benefits and image?
What type of advertising focuses on non-product-related benefits and image?
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Celebrity endorsements are not considered a message source.
Celebrity endorsements are not considered a message source.
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Name one method used to establish a marketing communications budget.
Name one method used to establish a marketing communications budget.
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The highest promotional budget of Kellogg's is spent on __________.
The highest promotional budget of Kellogg's is spent on __________.
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Match the following message sources with their appropriate use case:
Match the following message sources with their appropriate use case:
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Which appeal might evoke feelings of guilt or shame in advertising?
Which appeal might evoke feelings of guilt or shame in advertising?
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The percentage-of-sales method is typically used to budget based on past sales figures.
The percentage-of-sales method is typically used to budget based on past sales figures.
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The method where a company determines budget based on what competitors are spending is called __________.
The method where a company determines budget based on what competitors are spending is called __________.
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Which IMC budgeting method is being used if an accountant has $20,000 for advertising and seminars?
Which IMC budgeting method is being used if an accountant has $20,000 for advertising and seminars?
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In the growth stage of the Product Life Cycle (PLC), the main objective of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is to create primary demand.
In the growth stage of the Product Life Cycle (PLC), the main objective of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is to create primary demand.
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Name two advantages of using digital marketing over traditional marketing.
Name two advantages of using digital marketing over traditional marketing.
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Digital marketing includes various strategies like SEO, SEM, and __________.
Digital marketing includes various strategies like SEO, SEM, and __________.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of digital marketing?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of digital marketing?
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Match the following digital marketing technologies with their respective descriptions:
Match the following digital marketing technologies with their respective descriptions:
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Advertising is considered an efficient way to reach large numbers of people.
Advertising is considered an efficient way to reach large numbers of people.
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What does the acronym CRM stand for in marketing?
What does the acronym CRM stand for in marketing?
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What is the formula for calculating the Click-through Rate (CTR)?
What is the formula for calculating the Click-through Rate (CTR)?
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A second-price ad auction means that the highest bidder pays their own bid amount.
A second-price ad auction means that the highest bidder pays their own bid amount.
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Define 'impression' in the context of digital advertising.
Define 'impression' in the context of digital advertising.
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CPA stands for __________.
CPA stands for __________.
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Match the following payment schemes with their descriptions:
Match the following payment schemes with their descriptions:
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Which payment scheme is most popular in search ads?
Which payment scheme is most popular in search ads?
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The Conversion Rate is determined by dividing conversions by impressions.
The Conversion Rate is determined by dividing conversions by impressions.
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What is the click-through rate (CTR) if an ad is shown 1000 times and receives 40 clicks?
What is the click-through rate (CTR) if an ad is shown 1000 times and receives 40 clicks?
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Flashcards
Marketing Channels
Marketing Channels
Sets of interdependent organizations that make a product or service available to customers.
Channel Members (Types)
Channel Members (Types)
Merchants (wholesalers, retailers—buy & resell); Agents (brokers, sales agents—search & negotiate); Facilitators (transportation, banks, warehouses—support).
Direct Channel
Direct Channel
Manufacturer sells directly to the consumer (e.g., internet, sales force, manufacturer-owned stores).
Indirect Channel
Indirect Channel
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Channel Design Decisions
Channel Design Decisions
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Distribution Intensity
Distribution Intensity
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Channel Conflict
Channel Conflict
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Channel Integration
Channel Integration
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Horizontal Conflict
Horizontal Conflict
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Vertical Conflict
Vertical Conflict
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Break-Even Quantity
Break-Even Quantity
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Sales Force vs. Agency
Sales Force vs. Agency
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Exclusive Distribution
Exclusive Distribution
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Intensive Distribution
Intensive Distribution
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Push Strategy
Push Strategy
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What is the primary purpose of Marketing Communications?
What is the primary purpose of Marketing Communications?
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What are the key elements of the IMC Mix?
What are the key elements of the IMC Mix?
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IMC and Buyer-Readiness Stage
IMC and Buyer-Readiness Stage
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What are the key steps in developing effective marketing communications?
What are the key steps in developing effective marketing communications?
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Informational Appeal
Informational Appeal
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Transformational Appeal
Transformational Appeal
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What are the different budgeting methods for IMC?
What are the different budgeting methods for IMC?
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IMC and Product Life Cycle
IMC and Product Life Cycle
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Product Demonstration
Product Demonstration
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Problem-Solution Ad
Problem-Solution Ad
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Product Comparison Ad
Product Comparison Ad
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Testimonial
Testimonial
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Celebrity Endorsement
Celebrity Endorsement
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Negative Appeal
Negative Appeal
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Positive Appeal
Positive Appeal
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Organic Search
Organic Search
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
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Impressions
Impressions
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Click-Through Rate (CTR)
Click-Through Rate (CTR)
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Conversion Rate
Conversion Rate
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CPM (Cost Per Mille)
CPM (Cost Per Mille)
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CPC (Cost Per Click)
CPC (Cost Per Click)
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Second-Price Ad Auction
Second-Price Ad Auction
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Ad Position
Ad Position
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IMC Budgeting Methods
IMC Budgeting Methods
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Affordable Method (IMC Budgeting)
Affordable Method (IMC Budgeting)
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Percentage-of-Sales Method (IMC Budgeting)
Percentage-of-Sales Method (IMC Budgeting)
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Competitive-Parity Method (IMC Budgeting)
Competitive-Parity Method (IMC Budgeting)
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Objective-and-Task Method (IMC Budgeting)
Objective-and-Task Method (IMC Budgeting)
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Digital Marketing vs. Traditional
Digital Marketing vs. Traditional
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Pros of Digital Marketing
Pros of Digital Marketing
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Cons of Digital Marketing
Cons of Digital Marketing
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Study Notes
Exam 3 Review
- Exam 3 is comprehensive, covering all semester material, with a focus on the material after Exam 2.
- Required materials include lecture slides, readings (Dolan), 4 Harvard Business School (HBS) cases, in-class assignments, and videos.
- The exam format will be similar to previous exams, including multiple choice, short answer, essay, and calculations questions.
- The exam will be closed-book, notes, and internet.
- The exam is approximately one hour long.
- The exam will be available on Canvas.
- Calculators and scratch paper are permitted.
Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels
- Marketing channels are sets of interdependent organizations involved in making products or services available for use or consumption.
- Three types of channel members:
- Merchants (wholesalers, retailers): Buy, take title to, and resell products.
- Agents: Brokers, sales agents, manufacturer representatives: Search for customers and negotiate prices.
- Facilitators: Transportation, banks, warehouses (support the flow of goods).
Learning Objectives
- Understanding marketing channels: their role, importance, and value, and types of channel members.
- Channel structure: direct vs. indirect channels.
- Channel design decisions: distribution intensity, retailer fit, pull vs. push strategies, and channel alternatives.
- Channel conflict and integration: Horizontal vs. vertical.
Sample Questions
- What's the difference between merchants and agents in a marketing distribution channel?
- Identify and explain two advantages of the direct distribution channel over indirect channels.
- Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical conflict, including an example.
- What are the steps involved in developing an effective marketing communication campaign?
Value, Role, and Importance of Distribution Channels
- Connect producers to customers efficiently.
- Handle transactions, logistics, financing, and post-sale support.
- Collect and disseminate information to stimulate demand.
- Place orders with manufacturers.
- Negotiate prices and reach agreements.
- Assume business risks.
Channel Length
- Direct channels: Producer deals directly with consumers (e.g., manufacturer-owned stores, internet). Advantages: more control, closer customer contact, elimination of double margins.
- Indirect channels: Intermediaries (e.g., wholesalers, retailers) exist between producer and consumer. Advantages: rapid penetration, broader coverage, benefits of specialization.
Channel Design Decisions
- Examine target customers' location, needs, and behaviors.
- Evaluate product objectives and constraints (e.g., perishability, size, complexity, value).
- Consider economic goals (cost/benefit), competitive factors, desired levels of control, service, and coverage. Distribution strategies such as exclusive, selective, or intensive distribution.
Identifying and Evaluating Channel Alternatives
- Channel alternatives are shown in a graph illustrating the relationship between value-add of sale and cost per transaction.
Sales Agency or Sales Force?
- Examines the decision when a product manufacturer needs a salesforce versus a sales agency.
Channel Conflict
- Channel conflict occurs when one channel member's actions impede another channel member's ability to achieve their goals.
- Horizontal conflict: Between channel members at the same level (e.g., two retailers competing).
- Vertical conflict: Between channel members at different levels (e.g., retailer and manufacturer).
Channel Integration and Systems
- Conventional marketing channels.
- Double marginalization.
- Vertical marketing systems (VMS): Producer, wholesaler(s), and retailers acting as a unified system (Corporate, contractual).
Pepsi Case
- PepsiCo's channel structure: On-premise, vending, retail stores.
- Relationship with bottlers/distributors.
- Pull vs. Push strategy.
- Distribution intensity.
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)
- Learning Objectives:
- Role of marketing communications—to inform, persuade, and remind.
- IMC Mix:
- Advertising, sales promotions, public relations (PR), sales force, events and experiences, and digital marketing (online, social, mobile).
- Communication process: IMC and buyer-readiness stage, developing effective communication, and budgeting IMC.
- IMC and Product Life Cycle:
- Introduction stage (inform, primary demand, attract channel members).
- Growth stage (inform, persuade, selective demand, build and strengthen channel relationships).
- Maturity stage (persuade, remind, build and maintain brand loyalty).
- Decline stage (decrease costs, increase to slow decline).
Creative Strategy
- Informational Appeals: Logically focused; uses attributes, benefits, and endorsements to convince consumers.
- Transformational Appeals: Focuses on non-product related benefits and an image-building approach; emphasizes experiences.
Message Source
- Credibility: Expertise, trustworthiness, and likeability affect the persuasiveness of a message. Examples of specific source choices in commercials.
Establishing a Marketing Communications Budget
- Methods:
- Affordable method.
- Percentage-of-sales method.
- Competitive-parity method.
- Objective-and-task method.
Managing Digital Communications
- Learning Objectives: Pros and cons of digital marketing communications, different digital tools/technologies for communicating to customers, SEO and SEM differences, online advertising, key concepts: impressions, clicks, CTR, CPC, CPM, CPA.
Digital Marketing
- Describes the process of marketing products or services using digital technologies including internet desktop, mobile phones and tablets. Specific examples of such techniques are listed.
Sample Questions Exam 3
- True or false questions.
- Multiple-choice questions covering various topics.
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Description
Prepare for your Exam 3 with this comprehensive review that covers all semester materials, focusing on content following Exam 2. You'll find essential resources like lecture slides, readings, HBS cases, and in-class assignments to guide your study. Familiarize yourself with the exam format to enhance your performance.