Integrated Circuits Comparison

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What is a key limitation of monolithic ICs?

Complex manufacturing process

Large size

Limited power capabilities (correct)

High cost

How do thick-thin film ICs differ from monolithic ICs?

Use only active components

Smaller in size but larger in power (correct)

Larger in size but smaller in power

Integrate all components on one chip

What type of components might be connected discretely in thick-thin film ICs?

Resistors and capacitors

BJT and diodes (correct)

Passive components

Active components

What distinguishes hybrid ICs from monolithic and thick-thin film ICs?

Combining multiple ICs in one package Signup and view all the answers

How are bipolar ICs different from unipolar ICs based on active devices used?

Bipolar ICs use BJTs, unipolar ICs use FETs Signup and view all the answers

How are bipolar ICs further classified based on the isolation technique used?

p-n junction isolation ICs and dielectric isolation ICs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the virtual ground concept in opamp analysis with negative feedback?

To simplify calculations and derivations Signup and view all the answers

In the context of opamps, how does real ground differ from virtual ground?

Real ground is physically connected to the earth, while virtual ground is not electrically connected to ground. Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing opamp circuits, under what condition is the concept of a virtual ground valid?

When negative feedback is applied Signup and view all the answers

How does a differential amplifier combine the functionality of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers?

By connecting the non-inverting terminal to the ground for inverting operation Signup and view all the answers

What does grounding the inverting input terminal achieve in a differential amplifier circuit?

It makes the circuit behave as a non-inverting amplifier Signup and view all the answers

How is the input signal V1 amplified in a differential amplifier when the non-inverting terminal is grounded?

(R3 / R1) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the photolithographic process in the context of semiconductor fabrication?

To create openings in the SiO2 layer for impurity diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the photoresist layer in the photolithographic process?

To create a pattern for the etching process Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the photoresist layer during the exposure process?

The photoresist layer is polymerized in the exposed areas Signup and view all the answers

What chemical is typically used for developing the photoresist layer after exposure?

Trichloroethylene (C2HCl3) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the SiO2 layer that is not protected by the polymerized photoresist?

It is etched away by an etching solution like HCl Signup and view all the answers

How is the resist mask removed after the etching and diffusion processes?

By mechanical abrasion and chemical solvents like sulphuric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the input resistor (Ri) in an inverting amplifier circuit?

To convert the input voltage to an input current Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'virtual ground' in the context of an inverting amplifier circuit?

The inverting input terminal has a very low impedance Signup and view all the answers

Why is it said that the input current (Iin) cannot enter the op-amp in an inverting amplifier circuit?

The op-amp has an infinite input impedance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the feedback resistor (Rf) in an inverting amplifier circuit?

To set the gain of the amplifier Signup and view all the answers

In an inverting amplifier circuit, what is the relationship between the input voltage (Vin) and the output voltage (Vout)?

Vout = -(Rf/Ri) * Vin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using an inverting amplifier configuration compared to a non-inverting amplifier configuration?

Higher input impedance Signup and view all the answers

In the simplified instrumentation amplifier design, what is the result of shorting the resistances labelled R1 and removing Rg?

It creates a full series negative feedback path, and the gain of A1 and A2 becomes unity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the gain of the practical instrumentation amplifier circuit using the μA 741 op-amp?

10 Signup and view all the answers

How can the gain of the practical instrumentation amplifier circuit be made variable?

Replace Rg with a potentiometer. Signup and view all the answers

Which op-amp IC is suggested as a good choice for a compact instrumentation amplifier circuit?

LM324 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum supply voltage that can be used for the LM324 op-amp IC in the instrumentation amplifier circuit?

$\pm 16\text{V}$ DC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using an active filter over a passive filter?

Active filters can provide signal amplification. Signup and view all the answers