Integrated Circuits Overview
45 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a BCD-to-decimal decoder?

  • To display binary values on a seven-segment display.
  • To activate outputs corresponding only to valid BCD codes. (correct)
  • To convert binary inputs into decimal outputs.
  • To simplify the binary code to a single output.

In a 3-to-8 line decoder, what happens when an input code primarily corresponding to an unused binary value is received?

  • Circuit protection mechanisms will engage.
  • No output will be activated. (correct)
  • All outputs will be active.
  • One output will be activated randomly.

How is the output of the BCD to seven-segment decoder typically structured?

  • Outputs are synchronized to a clock signal for activation.
  • Outputs remain constant regardless of input.
  • Outputs are active HIGH and drive the segments directly.
  • Outputs are open collector and require external voltage to activate segments. (correct)

Which segment of a seven-segment display must be activated for the BCD codes 0000, 0010, 0110, and 1000?

<p>Segment 'e' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical current requirement for each segment of an LED readout driven by a decoder/driver?

<p>10 to 40 mA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the outputs of the BCD to seven-segment decoder/driver from other decoders?

<p>They activate outputs based on multiple combinations of inputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used for the substrate in digital integrated circuits?

<p>Silicon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of logic gate is primarily used in the construction of a typical decoder circuit?

<p>AND gates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Dual Inline Package' (DIP) refer to?

<p>A packaging format for integrated circuits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the decoder's circuit design is true?

<p>It does not activate outputs for all possible input codes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale of integration is characterized by a small number of logic gates on a single chip?

<p>Small Scale Integration (SSI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of medium-scale integration (MSI) devices in modern digital circuits?

<p>To perform functions that previously required multiple SSI devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Dual Inline Package (DIP), what is the typical size of a 14-pin package?

<p>0.75 in. by 0.25 in. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection is used between the silicon chip and the pins of the DIP?

<p>Very fine wires (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of scale integration mentioned in digital circuits?

<p>Micro Scale Integration (MSI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using SSI chips in modern circuits?

<p>To serve as the interface between complex chips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of integration involves fewer than 12 gates per chip?

<p>Small-scale integration (SSI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a decoder circuit, how many outputs are activated for a given input combination?

<p>Only the output corresponding to the input combination is activated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of gates found in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)?

<p>10,000 - 99,999 gates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example represents a Medium-Scale Integration (MSI) chip?

<p>Multiplexer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is often true for decoders designed to produce active LOW outputs?

<p>The selected output is LOW while all others are HIGH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of gates that can be integrated in Giga-scale integration (GSI)?

<p>1,000,000 or more gates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is primarily associated with CPU chips and RAM chips developed during the 1980s?

<p>Very large-scale integration (VLSI) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a decoder with N inputs, how many possible input combinations exist?

<p>$2^N$ combinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of an octal to binary encoder if A3 is LOW and all other inputs are HIGH?

<p>011 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a priority encoder, if inputs A3 and A7 are both LOW, what output code will be produced?

<p>101 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 74147 Decimal-to-BCD priority encoder produce when all inputs are HIGH?

<p>1111 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A9 is LOW and A8 is HIGH in the 74147 encoder, what output BCD code is generated?

<p>1001 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when both A4 and A6 inputs are LOW in the priority encoder?

<p>110 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What output is produced when A1 is LOW while A2 and A3 are HIGH in the octal to binary encoder?

<p>010 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding the outputs of the octal to binary encoder when all A inputs are HIGH?

<p>Outputs reset to 000. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the 74147 encoder, what binary code corresponds to the input A7 being LOW while other inputs remain HIGH?

<p>0110 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Excess-3 encoding?

<p>It is a self-complementary form of binary-coded decimal code. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Gray encoding originally designed?

<p>To prevent errors from mechanical switch outputs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the bit differences in Gray encoding?

<p>Each value differs from the previous value by only one bit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does Gray code provide for mechanical systems like altimeters?

<p>Offers high accuracy with low torque requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of using a biased representation in numeral systems like Excess-3?

<p>To maintain a numerical balance between positive and negative values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What output condition does the 74147 encoder produce when all inputs are HIGH?

<p>The output is HIGH, representing decimal 0. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 74147 encoder handle simultaneous key depressions?

<p>It produces the BCD code for the higher-numbered key. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of passing the inverted outputs of the 74147 through an inverter?

<p>The outputs will produce the standard BCD code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a calculator using the 74147 encoder, how is BCD data stored for each digit entry?

<p>It is stored in individual 4-bit storage registers for each digit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of switches are used in the switch encoder diagram?

<p>Normally open switches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the BCD output when a digit key on the encoder is pressed?

<p>The BCD code for that digit is generated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoder is the 74147 classified as?

<p>A priority encoder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If all higher-numbered inputs of the 74147 encoder are HIGH, what will be the inversion effect on the lower-numbered input?

<p>The output will correspond to the inverted BCD value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Integrated Circuit (IC)

A collection of electronic components (resistors, diodes, transistors) fabricated on a single semiconductor piece (typically silicon) called substrate.

IC Package (e.g., DIP)

A protective enclosure for an IC, containing pins for connections to other devices. A common type is the Dual Inline Package (DIP).

Integrated Circuit Complexity

Categorization of ICs based on the number of equivalent logic gates on the substrate.

SSI (Small Scale Integration)

ICs with a few logic gates. Often used as interface components between more complex chips.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MSI (Medium Scale Integration)

ICs with more complex functionality than SSI, incorporating more logic gates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

LSI (Large Scale Integration)

ICs with an incredibly large number of logic gates compared to SSI and MSI. These ICs increasingly fulfill complex functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

VLSI, ULSI, GSI

Variations of Large-Scale Integration describing increasingly complex levels of integration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IC Functionality

Digital integrated circuits perform various tasks in modern systems, from simple interfacing to complex functions. Modern functions increasingly use MSI and LSI devices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SSI

Small-scale integration; has fewer than 12 gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MSI

Medium-scale integration; has 12-99 gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

LSI

Large-scale integration; has 100-9999 gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

VLSI

Very large-scale integration; has 10,000-99,999 gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ULSI

Ultra large-scale integration; has 100,000-999,999 gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

GSI

Giga-scale integration; has 1,000,000 or more gates per chip.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decoder

A digital circuit that takes input codes and activates the corresponding output.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decoder outputs

Decoder circuits can have active-low outputs, where the only selected output is low, and others are high.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BCD-to-decimal decoder

A decoder that takes a 4-bit Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) input and produces 10 output lines, each corresponding to a specific BCD code (0000 to 1001).

Signup and view all the flashcards

3-line to 8-line decoder

A decoder that takes 3 input lines and produces 8 output lines to indicate specific combinations of input.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Active HIGH output

An output that is logic high when a specific input condition is met.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Active LOW output

An output that is logic low when a specific input condition is met.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BCD to Seven-Segment Decoder/Driver

A decoder that translates a 4-bit BCD input into signals that light up specific segments of a seven-segment display.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seven-segment display

A display device composed of seven segments that can be illuminated in various combinations to form different numerals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Output active HIGH.

A specific output is HIGH when a certain input combination is applied.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Open collector driver transistors

Transistors in a decoder circuit used to source current for LED lighting, with a low-output state.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Octal-to-Binary Encoder

An 8-line to 3-line encoder that takes eight input lines and converts the active LOW input into a 3-bit output code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Priority Encoder

An encoder which prioritizes inputs, selecting the highest numbered activated input and outputs its code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

74147 Decimal-to-BCD Priority Encoder

An IC that converts a prioritized decimal input to its inverted BCD code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BCD Code

A 4-bit code representation of decimal digits (0 to 9).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Output Code in Priority Encoder

The binary (or BCD) representation of the highest-numbered active input.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inactive HIGH state

All inputs in a HIGH logic state, indicating no input is activated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inverse of BCD code

The opposite binary code representation of a decimal number(BCD).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excess-3 Encoding

A binary-coded decimal system where each decimal digit is represented by 4 bits, adding 3 to its actual value. It's a biased code with a balanced representation of positive and negative numbers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Complementary Code

A code system where the complement of a number's representation is found by simply inverting its bits. This is a property of Excess-3 encoding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gray Encoding

A binary code system where consecutive values differ by only one bit. This minimizes errors in electromechanical systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reflected Binary Code

Another name for Gray code, emphasizing the way it's constructed by reflecting and combining binary sequences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gray Encoding in Altimeters

Gray code was used in altimeters to translate the movement of a bellows-driven glass disc into coded signals for the transponder.

Signup and view all the flashcards

74147 Priority Encoder

A specific IC that prioritizes the highest active decimal input, converting it to BCD. A lower input is ignored if a higher one is active simultaneously.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inverted BCD

A BCD representation where all bits are flipped – 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Switch Encoder Application

The 74147 can be used to convert signals from a switch (like a keyboard) to BCD for a digital system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decimal to BCD Conversion

The process of converting a decimal number into its equivalent BCD representation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

4-bit Storage Register

A digital element that stores a 4-bit BCD code, holding the value from each switch press in a calculator example.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decoder/Driver

Converts a BCD code into a visible display format, such as the numerical display you see showing the entered digits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

8-digit Calculator

A calculator that can handle eight digits, requiring eight 4-bit registers to store BCD representations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Integrated Circuits (5.8)

  • Learning Objectives include describing the operation and use of encoders and decoders (Level 2)
  • Learning Objectives include describing the function of encoder types (Level 2)
  • Learning Objectives include describing the uses of medium, large, and very large scale integration devices (Level 2)

IC Format and Integration Scales

  • Digital integrated circuits (ICs) are collections of resistors, diodes, and transistors on a single semiconductor material (typically silicon)
  • The chip is encased in a protective plastic or ceramic package with pins for connections
  • Dual Inline Packages (DIPs) are common, with parallel rows of pins numbered counterclockwise from a notch
  • DIP pin configurations are 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 40, and 64 pins.

IC Dual Inline Package (DIP) chip

  • The silicon chip is connected to the pins via very fine wires
  • DIPs are a common type in older digital equipment, but other types are becoming more popular
  • Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) are categorized by complexity according to the number of equivalent logic gates

Complexity

  • Small scale integration (SSI): Fewer than 12 gates per chip
  • Medium scale integration (MSI): 12-99 gates per chip
  • Large scale integration (LSI): 100-9,999 gates per chip
  • Very large scale integration (VLSI): 10,000-99,999 gates per chip
  • Ultra large scale integration (ULSI): 100,000-999,999 gates per chip
  • Giga-scale integration (GSI): 1,000,000 or more gates per chip

Decoder

  • A decoder is a logic circuit that accepts binary inputs and activates only the output corresponding to that input
  • A decoder looks at its inputs, figures out which binary number is present, and then activates the corresponding output
  • The diagram for a general decoder shows N inputs and M outputs
  • Each input can be 0 or 1, creating 2N possible input combinations
  • Only one output is active (HIGH) for each input combination; all other outputs are LOW
  • Many decoders use active LOW output, making only the selected output LOW while others are HIGH

3-Line to 8-Line Decoder

  • A diagram showing how a 3-input, 8-output decoder functionally works, and which output will be active for each input code. An example output table is shown*

BCD to Seven-Segment Decoder/Driver

  • A BCD to seven-segment decoder takes a 4-bit BCD input and provides the output to display a decimal digit (0-9) through segments on an LED display
  • The decoder circuit needs more logic because each output is activated for many input combinations (for example, the "e" segment is needed for 0, 2, 6, 8)
  • Seven-segment LEDs have anodes tied to Vcc (+5V) and cathodes tied to current-limiting resistors to the decoder outputs (this is sometimes an open collector configuration).

Encoders

  • An encoder has multiple input lines, and only one is activated at a time
  • The encoder produces an N-bit output code based on which input is activated.
  • A diagram showing the general structure of an encoder is included - with M inputs and N outputs*

Encoder 8 to 3

  • An example of encoding showing how an 8-line input translates to a 3-bit output code
  • Includes a truth table and a diagram of the circuit*

Priority Encoder

  • A priority encoder activates the output code that corresponds to the highest-numbered activated input if more than one input is activated.
  • Example: An encoder circuits for the 74147 (decimal input, BCD output). A truth table is included showing output codes versus input patterns.
  • A diagram showing the logic symbol and truth table for the 74147 decimal to BCD priority encoder is included.*

Excess-3 Encoding 

  • A table showing the BCD, Excess-3 codes and decimal equivalent for 0-9 is included.*

Gray Encoding

  • Gray encoding only has one bit change between successive values

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Integrated Circuits (5.8) PDF - Aviation Australia

Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to integrated circuits, including encoders and decoders, as well as the various types of integration scales. It also delves into the physical formats of ICs, particularly Dual Inline Packages (DIPs) and their characteristics. Test your knowledge on the operation and applications of these crucial electronic components.

More Like This

Digital Electronics Quiz
10 questions

Digital Electronics Quiz

ModestBlue avatar
ModestBlue
Digital Electronics Basics
5 questions

Digital Electronics Basics

WellEstablishedMeerkat avatar
WellEstablishedMeerkat
Understanding Logic Gates in Integrated Circuits
5 questions

Understanding Logic Gates in Integrated Circuits

AffluentPlumTree avatar
AffluentPlumTree
Digital Electronics Overview Quiz
6 questions

Digital Electronics Overview Quiz

IrreproachableMilwaukee4385 avatar
IrreproachableMilwaukee4385
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser