Insurance Principles & Policies: A Comprehensive Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of indemnity in an insurance contract?

  • An insured is restored to their approximate financial condition prior to a loss, without profiting from the insurance coverage. (correct)
  • A policyholder receives a payout exceeding their actual loss to discourage future claims.
  • An insurance company avoids paying a claim by finding a minor technicality in the policy language.
  • An insurer profits from the misfortune of a policyholder.

Which scenario violates the principle of insurable interest?

  • A person insuring their neighbor's house without their knowledge or consent. (correct)
  • A homeowner insuring their primary residence against fire damage.
  • A lender requiring a borrower to insure a property used as collateral for a loan.
  • A business owner insuring a company vehicle used for deliveries.

How does the law of large numbers benefit insurance companies?

  • It reduces the need for detailed risk assessments.
  • It enables more accurate prediction of overall losses, facilitating fair premium setting. (correct)
  • It guarantees profits regardless of claims volume.
  • It allows them to precisely predict individual losses, eliminating uncertainty.

Which of the following is NOT a required element for forming a valid insurance contract?

<p>Written documentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A homeowner's policy has a $500 deductible. If the insured sustains $2,000 in damages, how much will the insurance company pay?

<p>$1,500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A building has a replacement cost of $200,000 and is insured for $100,000. The policy has an 80% coinsurance clause. A $40,000 loss occurs. How much will the policy pay?

<p>$25,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Homeowners (HO) policy forms provides the most comprehensive coverage?

<p>HO-3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Coverage C (Personal Property) of a standard HO-3 policy, which of the following losses would most likely be excluded?

<p>Flood damage to furniture in the basement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A guest is injured while visiting your home. Under which coverage of your homeowners policy would their medical expenses typically be covered, regardless of your liability?

<p>Coverage F (Medical Payments to Others) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Personal Auto Policy (PAP), what type of coverage protects you when an at-fault driver has insufficient insurance to cover your bodily injuries?

<p>Uninsured Motorist Coverage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual is involved in an accident where the at-fault driver's liability coverage is insufficient to cover the full extent of their injuries. What type of coverage would protect the injured individual in this scenario?

<p>Underinsured motorist coverage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would be covered under comprehensive coverage but NOT collision coverage?

<p>Damage to your vehicle caused by a hailstorm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is flood insurance typically excluded from standard homeowners insurance policies and administered through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)?

<p>Flood risks are geographically concentrated and can be financially unsustainable for private insurers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A business owner requires additional liability coverage beyond the limits of their existing commercial general liability policy. Which type of policy should they consider purchasing?

<p>An umbrella policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insurance policy would provide coverage for a collection of valuable jewelry, artwork, and antiques, offering broader protection than a standard homeowners policy?

<p>Personal articles floater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the minimum auto liability insurance limits required in Alabama, expressed as Bodily Injury per person / Bodily Injury per accident / Property Damage?

<p>25/50/25 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An insurance agent convinces a client to cancel their existing policy and purchase a new one from them, based on misleading information about the benefits of the new policy. This is an example of what unfair trade practice?

<p>Twisting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An insurance agent offers a client a portion of their commission as an incentive to purchase a policy. This is an example of what unfair trade practice?

<p>Rebating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an earthquake insurance policy have a high deductible, and how does this impact the policyholder?

<p>To reduce moral hazard by ensuring the policyholder shares in the risk of loss; deductibles are usually a percentage of the insured value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a situation where an umbrella insurance policy would provide coverage?

<p>A business owner is sued for $1.5 million after someone is injured on their property, and their general liability policy has a $1 million limit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Underinsured Motorist Coverage

Covers damages when the at-fault driver's insurance is insufficient.

Collision Coverage

Insurance that covers damages from vehicle crashes.

Comprehensive Coverage

Covers damages not resulting from collisions, like theft or fire.

Flood Insurance

A specific coverage under NFIP for damages from flooding.

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Umbrella Insurance

Extra liability protection over existing policies.

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Earthquake Insurance

Covers damages from earthquakes with specific deductibles.

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Personal Articles Floater (PAF)

Extra coverage for valuable personal items.

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Auto Liability Requirements in Alabama

Minimum limits are 25/50/25 for auto liability insurance.

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Misrepresentation in Insurance

Inaccurately explaining a policy, regarded as an unfair trade practice.

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Unfair Trade Practices

Practices like twisting, rebating, and misrepresentation in insurance.

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Risk and Insurance

Risk is the chance of loss, while insurance protects against it.

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Pure vs. Speculative Risk

Pure risk involves only the possibility of loss; speculative risk may involve gain or loss.

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Law of Large Numbers

As the number of exposure units increases, prediction accuracy improves for insurers.

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Insurable Interest

A financial interest in the insured item, required to enforce an insurance agreement.

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Elements of an Insurance Contract

The four elements are offer, acceptance, consideration, and legal purpose.

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Actual Cash Value (ACV)

ACV is the replacement cost minus depreciation.

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Replacement Cost Value (RCV)

RCV is the full cost to replace an item without depreciation accounted.

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Coinsurance Clause

A clause that requires the insured to hold a certain amount of insurance relative to the property's value.

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HO Policy Forms

Different Homeowners Policy forms (HO-1 to HO-8) provide varying levels of coverage.

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Coverage F: Medical Payments

Covers medical expenses for others injured on your property, regardless of fault.

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Study Notes

Section 1: General Insurance Concepts

  • Risk and insurance: Risk defined, types (pure vs. speculative), risk management
  • Insurance principles: Law of large numbers, insurable interest, indemnity, subrogation
  • Types of insurers: Stock companies, mutual companies, fraternal insurers, Lloyd's associations
  • Insurance contracts: Elements (offer, acceptance, consideration, legal purpose, competent parties)

Section 2: Property Insurance Basics

  • Types of property policies: Homeowners, dwelling, commercial property
  • Policy components: Declarations, insuring agreement, exclusions, conditions
  • Covered perils: Named-peril vs. open-peril policies, basic/broad/special coverage
  • Valuation methods: Actual cash value (ACV) vs. replacement cost (RCV)
  • Deductibles and coinsurance: How they impact claim payments

Section 3: Homeowners Insurance

  • HO Policy forms: HO-1 through HO-8 (coverages by each form)

Section 4: Auto Insurance (PAP)

  • Part A: Liability coverage (bodily injury and property damage limits)
  • Part B: Medical payments (pays for injuries to insured and passengers)
  • Part C: Uninsured/underinsured coverage (when it applies)
  • Part D: Coverage for damage to your auto (collision vs. comprehensive)
  • How underinsured motorist works
  • Differences between collision and comprehensive coverage

Section 5: Miscellaneous Coverages & Endorsements

  • Flood insurance: Coverage of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
  • Umbrella insurance: Extra liability protection
  • Earthquake insurance: Deductibles and policy triggers.
  • Personal Articles Floater (PAF): Extra coverage for valuable items
  • Why flood insurance excluded from standard homeowners policy
  • Extra liability policy for multiple rental properties needed: Umbrella insurance

Section 6: Alabama-Specific Laws & Regulations

  • State minimum auto liability requirements
  • Insurance producer licensing and continuing education
  • Claims settlement regulations
  • Unfair trade practices: Twisting, rebating, misrepresentation
  • Minimum auto liability limits in Alabama (25/50/25)
  • Misrepresentation as an unfair trade practice in Alabama

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Description

Explore fundamental insurance concepts, including risk management and different insurer types. Understand property insurance basics like policy components, covered perils, and valuation methods. Review homeowners and auto insurance.

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