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Questions and Answers
During the End of 18th century-Beginning of 19th century, what was the primary purpose of the mutual aid societies established by workers?
During the End of 18th century-Beginning of 19th century, what was the primary purpose of the mutual aid societies established by workers?
- To protect against wage loss in case of a disability (correct)
- To ensure employers had a major role in healthcare insurance
- To generate loyalty towards the management
- To provide free medical care to all workers
What was one reason for the labor movement to be suspicious of management involvement in healthcare insurance during the 18th and 19th centuries?
What was one reason for the labor movement to be suspicious of management involvement in healthcare insurance during the 18th and 19th centuries?
- To improve employer-employee relationships
- To establish loyalty towards the employers
- To view it as generating loyalty (correct)
- To reduce the financial burden on employers
What did the participants of the Blue Cross Plan negotiated with Baylor University Hospital receive by paying $3 per semester?
What did the participants of the Blue Cross Plan negotiated with Baylor University Hospital receive by paying $3 per semester?
- Free outpatient care
- 3 weeks of in-patient care (correct)
- Discounts on prescription medications
- Lifetime coverage for all medical expenses
What was a significant outcome of the efforts by consumers and medical providers during the Great Depression- Beginning of World War 2 period?
What was a significant outcome of the efforts by consumers and medical providers during the Great Depression- Beginning of World War 2 period?
Why did workers form mutual aid societies during the End of 18th century-Beginning of 19th century?
Why did workers form mutual aid societies during the End of 18th century-Beginning of 19th century?
What was the main reason for the formation of mutual aid societies by workers during the 18th and 19th centuries?
What was the main reason for the formation of mutual aid societies by workers during the 18th and 19th centuries?
What was the purpose of Blue Shield?
What was the purpose of Blue Shield?
What allowed employers to contribute to employee welfare funds as a deductible business expense?
What allowed employers to contribute to employee welfare funds as a deductible business expense?
Who was involved in the efforts to expand all employee benefits after World War 2?
Who was involved in the efforts to expand all employee benefits after World War 2?
What was the consequence of federal wage policies put in place during World War 2?
What was the consequence of federal wage policies put in place during World War 2?
What did individuals initially have the freedom to do regarding health collectives?
What did individuals initially have the freedom to do regarding health collectives?
Which factor contributed to the growth of insurance by building loyalty through contributions to employee welfare funds?
Which factor contributed to the growth of insurance by building loyalty through contributions to employee welfare funds?
According to John Rawls, what does 'justice as fairness' propose?
According to John Rawls, what does 'justice as fairness' propose?
What does Rawls suggest individuals do when making choices according to 'justice as fairness'?
What does Rawls suggest individuals do when making choices according to 'justice as fairness'?
How does Rawls view society in his framework of 'justice as fairness'?
How does Rawls view society in his framework of 'justice as fairness'?
What is the main idea behind Rawls's concept of 'justice as fairness'?
What is the main idea behind Rawls's concept of 'justice as fairness'?
What does Rawls propose should be done about social and economic inequalities according to 'justice as fairness'?
What does Rawls propose should be done about social and economic inequalities according to 'justice as fairness'?
Why does Rawls acknowledge challenges in the idea of society as a 'cooperative venture'?
Why does Rawls acknowledge challenges in the idea of society as a 'cooperative venture'?
Study Notes
Development of Health Insurance in the USA
- The development of health insurance in the USA went through three stages:
- End of 18th century to beginning of 19th century: Mutual aid societies were established by workers to protect against wage loss due to disability.
- Great Depression to beginning of World War 2: Consumers and medical providers developed new ways to provide medical care, leading to the creation of Blue Cross Plan and Blue Shield.
- Post World War 2: Efforts of the National Labor Relations Board and unions expanded employee benefits, and revisions to the Internal Revenue Code allowed employer contributions to employee welfare funds to be a deductible business expense.
Blue Cross and Blue Shield
- Blue Shield was developed by doctors to organize a framework for prepaid plans for physician services.
- Blue Cross Plan was developed by a group of teachers in Dallas, who negotiated an agreement with Baylor University Hospital to receive 3 weeks of in-patient care for a payment of $3 per semester.
Factors Influencing Growth of Insurance
- Revision to the Internal Revenue Code allowed employers contributing to employee welfare funds to be a deductible business expense.
- Federal wage policies put in place to control inflation led to employees receiving increased benefits instead of direct wage increases.
Debate over Government-Sponsored Health Care
- In Canada, health insurance is compulsory and administered by the government, whereas in the USA it is voluntary.
- Labour movement was suspicious of management involvement in health insurance, viewing it as generating loyalty.
John Rawls' Theory of Justice
- John Rawls proposed the concept of "justice as fairness," where individuals make choices behind a "veil of ignorance," not knowing their personal characteristics, to ensure fairness.
- He argued that inequalities in income and wealth are the result of prior distributions of natural assets influenced by social circumstances and chance contingencies.
- Rawls proposed that principles of justice should be chosen in a fair decision-making situation, and that society should be considered a "mutually advantageous cooperative venture."
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Description
Test your knowledge on insurance misrepresentation, ethical violations, and the importance of understanding insurance policies independently. Learn about the professional practitioners' role in providing reliable advice and the difference in health insurance programs between Canada and the USA.
