Insulin Types and Metformin Overview
43 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the duration of rapid acting insulin?

  • 3-5 hours (correct)
  • 18-24 hours
  • 1-2 hours
  • 5-7 hours

    • Which type of insulin can be administered through an IV?

  • Lispro
  • Humulin N
  • Lantus
  • Novolin R (correct)

    • What should be monitored to prevent hypoglycemia during the use of intermediate acting insulin?

  • Blood pressure
  • Glycated hemoglobin level
  • Heart rate
  • Mid-afternoon snacks (correct)

    • What is the peak action timeframe for short acting insulin?

    <p>2-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties best distinguishes intermediate acting insulin?

    <p>Has a cloudy appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset time for long acting insulin analogs such as glargine?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rapid acting insulin has an onset of about 15 minutes?

    <p>Apidra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason protein is added to intermediate acting insulin?

    <p>Delay the absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for metformin?

    <p>It makes tissues more sensitive to insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about detemir (Levemir) is correct?

    <p>It provides basal coverage for up to 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using metformin over other antihyperglycemic agents?

    <p>It has a low risk of hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with metformin?

    <p>Metallic taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for metformin?

    <p>Severe liver disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of action is correctly matched with its drug class?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones - inhibits glucose release from liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing implication is critical for patients on metformin?

    <p>Hold the drug for at least 2 days before and after procedures that require contrast media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage associated with Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Possible liver toxicity requiring monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Insulin secretagogues ideally be taken?

    <p>Before breakfast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for detemir (Levemir)?

    <p>Subcutaneously at the same time daily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of diabetes is metformin primarily used to treat?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Decreased risk of hypoglycemia when used alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key characteristic differentiates detemir from other insulins in terms of infusion method?

    <p>It has no peak action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contraindication for using Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is false regarding metformin?

    <p>It is always injected subcutaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when a patient is taking Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Serum transaminase levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Insulin secretagogues is accurate?

    <p>They induce insulin release from pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern when prescribing Thiazolidinediones due to their mechanism of action?

    <p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is expected from the usage of Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Normalization of blood glucose levels over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected timeline for the onset of action of Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of acarbose?

    <p>Slows digestion of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage does sitagliptin (Januvia) have over other diabetic medications?

    <p>Can be used with other oral drugs for better efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using acarbose?

    <p>GI side effects such as diarrhea and flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for the amylin analog pramlintide?

    <p>Suppresses glucagon and slows gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition presents a contraindication for the use of GLP-1 incretin enhancers?

    <p>C-cell thyroid cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the influence of incretin hormones benefit diabetic patients?

    <p>Decreases blood glucose levels post meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage when using SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin?

    <p>Not recommended for patients with a GFR less than 45 mL/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes is NOT commonly associated with GLP-1 incretin enhancers?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical nursing implication when administering amylin analogs?

    <p>Take immediately before a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of DPP-4 inhibitors in relation to blood glucose levels?

    <p>They only function when glucose levels are elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should diuretics not be administered along with SGLT2 inhibitors?

    <p>May lead to excessive volume depletion and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using semaglutide for diabetes management?

    <p>Weight loss benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of pramlintide that patients should be monitored for?

    <p>Nausea and injection site reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common side effect should patients be wary of when taking acarbose?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetes treatment?

    <p>To lower blood glucose dependent on the glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rapid Acting Insulin Analogs

    • Lispro (Humalog), aspart (NovoLog), glulisine (Apidra)
    • Ideal for bolus (meal time and high glucose)
    • Onset: about 15 minutes, peak: 30-90 minutes, duration: 3-5 hours
    • Routes: subcutaneous or insulin pump

    Short Acting Insulin (Regular)

    • Humulin R, novolin R, actrapid
    • Clear
    • Onset: 30-60 minutes, peak: 2-3 hours, duration: 5-7 hours
    • Routes: subcutaneous or IV (only type of insulin given intravenously)

    Intermediate Acting Insulin

    • Homulin N, novolin N (NPH)
    • Cloudy
    • Onset: 1-1.5 hours, peak: 8-12 hours, duration: 18-24 hours
    • Routes: subcutaneous only
    • Can be mixed with regular insulin

    Long Acting Insulin Analogs

    • Glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)
    • Provides basal dose
    • Onset: 1 hour, peak: none, duration: up to 24 hours
    • Routes: Subcutaneous daily

    Metformin (Glucophage)

    • First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes
    • Mechanism of action:
      • Makes tissues more sensitive to insulin
      • Decreases intestinal glucose absorption
    • Routes: oral
    • Advantages:
      • Insulin sensitization
      • Low risk of hypoglycemia
      • Does not cause weight gain
    • Disadvantages:
      • GI side effects (nausea, metallic taste, flatulence, diarrhea)
    • Contraindications:
      • Black box warning for rare lactic acidosis (liver disease)
    • Nursing implications:
      • Periodic tests of renal and liver function
      • Hold drug at least 2 days before and 2 days after procedures that require contrast media
      • Hold on day of surgery
      • Outcome: normalized blood glucose levels, improvement in HbA1c

    Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

    • Not first-line therapy, may be last resort medicine
    • Mechanism of action: inhibits release of glucose from liver
    • Routes: oral
    • Advantages:
      • Decrease risk of hypoglycemia when given alone
    • Disadvantages:
      • Slow onset of action (12 weeks)
      • Possible liver toxicity (monitor serum transaminase level)
    • Contraindications:
      • Black box warning for heart failure

    Acarbose (Precose)

    • Second generation sulfonylurea
    • Mechanism of action: slows digestion of carbohydrates
    • Routes: oral
    • Advantages:
      • Decrease risk of hypoglycemia when used alone
      • Works best with insulin or sulfonylurea
    • Disadvantages:
      • GI side effects (diarrhea, flatulence)

    Sitagliptin (Januvia)

    • DPP-4 inhibitor
    • Mechanism of action: increases incretin (GLP-1) = decreased glucose in blood
    • Routes: oral
    • Advantages:
      • Oral drug
      • Monotherapy, combined with other oral drugs
      • Works only when blood glucose is elevated

    Semaglutide (Wegovy), Dulaglutide (Trulicity)

    • Incretin enhancer: glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)
    • Mechanism of action: lowers post-meal glucose spikes
    • Routes: oral (semaglutide), others are injections
    • Advantages:
      • “Helper hormone”
      • Weight loss
    • Disadvantages:
      • GI side effects: nausea, hypoglycemia, injection
    • Contraindications:
      • Black box warning for c cell thyroid cancer

    Pramlintide (Symlin)

    • Amylin analog
    • Mechanism of action: decreases glucose appearance after meals, slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, regulates food intake
    • Routes: injection with insulin
    • Advantages:
      • Regulates post-prandial blood glucose ‘spikes’
    • Disadvantages:
      • Subcutaneous injection
    • Contraindications:
      • Black box warning for severe hypoglycemia within 3 hours
    • Nursing implications:
      • Take immediately before meals
      • Do not take if meal skipped
      • Can be given at the same time as insulin but not in the same syringe

    Empagliflozin (Invokana)

    • SGLT2 inhibitor (glifozin)
    • Mechanism of action: blocks renal glucose reabsorption
    • Disadvantages:
      • Don’t give diuretics
    • Contraindications:
      • Not for patients with a GFR less than 45 mL/min
    • Nursing implications:
      • Monitor for burning, irritation, or swelling at the injection site

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Diabetes Drug Table PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various types of insulin, including rapid, short, intermediate, and long-acting insulins, along with their characteristics and administration routes. Additionally, it discusses Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, focusing on its mechanism of action and effects on insulin sensitivity. Test your knowledge on these essential diabetes management therapies.

    More Like This

    Insulin Types for Type 1 Diabetes
    60 questions

    Insulin Types for Type 1 Diabetes

    SupportingMarigold avatar
    SupportingMarigold
    Insulin Classification Flashcards
    18 questions

    Insulin Classification Flashcards

    BrainiestDouglasFir avatar
    BrainiestDouglasFir
    Diabetes Management and Insulin Types
    51 questions

    Diabetes Management and Insulin Types

    ChampionPointillism avatar
    ChampionPointillism
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser