Insulin Signaling

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What is the primary function of the insulin receptor?

To inhibit glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle
To stimulate the expression of PEPCK in the liver
To catalyze the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis
To phosphorylate tyrosine residues and activate insulin receptor substrate (correct)

What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Has no effect on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but decreases it in adipose tissue
Increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (correct)
Decreases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

What is the role of AS160 in insulin signaling?

To regulate the movement of GLUT4 vesicles to the cell surface (correct)
To stimulate the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis
To inhibit the expression of PEPCK in the liver
To phosphorylate and activate AKT/PKB

What is the effect of insulin on PFK-1 in the liver?

Stimulates PFK-1 activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of AKT/PKB in insulin signaling?

To phosphorylate and activate many targets that regulate cell growth and survival (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis in the liver?

Inhibits gluconeogenesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PEPCK in gluconeogenesis?

Catalyzes the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin receptor activates insulin receptor substrate?

Through phosphorylation of tyrosine residues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the downstream effect of PI3K activation in insulin signaling?

Production of PIP3, which activates AKT (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what tissue does insulin signaling lead to increased lipid synthesis?

Adipose tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signaling on glycogenolysis in the liver?

Inhibition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of AKT in insulin signaling in growth control?

Phosphorylating many different targets that are key regulators of cell growth and survival (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the upstream signaling event that leads to AKT activation in insulin signaling?

Binding of PIP3 to AKT (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signaling on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is phosphorylated and activated by AKT, allowing the movement of GLUT4 vesicles to the cell surface?

AS160 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver?

Inhibiting PEPCK expression (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin signaling pathway component is a regulatory enzyme of glycolysis?

PFK-1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase?

Phosphorylating tyrosine residues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signaling on glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle?

Stimulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is inhibited by insulin signaling in the liver?

PEPCK (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin regulates glucose uptake in adipose tissue?

Activating AS160 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a downstream target of PI3K in insulin signaling?

Tyrosine kinase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin signaling inhibits glycogenolysis in the liver?

Blocking glucose release (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PIP3 in insulin signaling?

Binding to AKT (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key regulator of cell growth and survival in insulin signaling?

AKT/PKB (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signaling on glucose uptake in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Increases glucose uptake (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin signaling regulates glucose homeostasis?

Increasing glucose uptake (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signaling on PEPCK in the liver?

Inhibits PEPCK (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin receptor substrate is activated in the insulin signalling pathway?

Through phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the downstream effect of insulin signalling on glycogen synthesis in adipose tissue?

Increase in lipid synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin signalling regulates gluconeogenesis in the liver?

Through inhibition of PEPCK expression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of AKT in insulin signalling in growth control?

Phosphorylation of multiple targets that are key regulators of cell growth and survival (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signalling on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?

Increase in glucose uptake through GLUT4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin signalling regulates glucose homeostasis?

Through regulation of glucose uptake and storage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin signalling on PFK-1 in the liver?

Stimulation of PFK-1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Insulin receptor function

Phosphorylates tyrosine residues to activate insulin receptor substrate.

Insulin effect on glucose uptake

Increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.