Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of GLUT is specifically stimulated by insulin?
Which type of GLUT is specifically stimulated by insulin?
- GLUT2
- GLUT4 (correct)
- GLUT5
- GLUT1
In which cellular location is GLUT4 primarily stored before insulin stimulation?
In which cellular location is GLUT4 primarily stored before insulin stimulation?
- Nucleus
- Golgi apparatus
- Cytoplasm (correct)
- Mitochondria
What characteristic distinguishes GLUT4 from other GLUT types?
What characteristic distinguishes GLUT4 from other GLUT types?
- It has a higher affinity than GLUT2.
- It is stored in vesicles and regulated by insulin. (correct)
- It is found in all cells.
- It operates independently of insulin.
How many types of GLUTs have been discovered to date?
How many types of GLUTs have been discovered to date?
Which of the following GLUTs is NOT stimulated by insulin?
Which of the following GLUTs is NOT stimulated by insulin?
What is the effect of potassium channel closure on the cell membrane?
What is the effect of potassium channel closure on the cell membrane?
What triggers the influx of calcium ions in this process?
What triggers the influx of calcium ions in this process?
What role does adenosine triphosphate (ATP) play in insulin secretion?
What role does adenosine triphosphate (ATP) play in insulin secretion?
What is the direct result of calcium influx during insulin secretion?
What is the direct result of calcium influx during insulin secretion?
What is the primary function of glucose transporters in beta cells?
What is the primary function of glucose transporters in beta cells?
How does the secretion of insulin occur?
How does the secretion of insulin occur?
Which of the following processes occurs after glucose influx in beta cells?
Which of the following processes occurs after glucose influx in beta cells?
The inhibition of which channels is directly influenced by the production of ATP in beta cells?
The inhibition of which channels is directly influenced by the production of ATP in beta cells?
What physiological process does the closure of potassium channels initiate?
What physiological process does the closure of potassium channels initiate?
What is the consequence of ATP-sensitive potassium channels being inhibited in beta cells?
What is the consequence of ATP-sensitive potassium channels being inhibited in beta cells?
What effect does insulin have on glycogen synthesis in the liver?
What effect does insulin have on glycogen synthesis in the liver?
Which of the following processes is decreased by insulin in the liver?
Which of the following processes is decreased by insulin in the liver?
How does insulin affect glucose oxidation in body cells?
How does insulin affect glucose oxidation in body cells?
Which metabolic process is promoted by insulin in the liver?
Which metabolic process is promoted by insulin in the liver?
What happens to glucogenolysis when insulin is present in the liver?
What happens to glucogenolysis when insulin is present in the liver?
What effect does insulin hormone have on glycogenesis in skeletal muscle?
What effect does insulin hormone have on glycogenesis in skeletal muscle?
How does insulin affect lipid metabolism in the body?
How does insulin affect lipid metabolism in the body?
What process does insulin inhibit in regard to fat catabolism?
What process does insulin inhibit in regard to fat catabolism?
Which of the following best describes the overall metabolic impact of insulin in the body?
Which of the following best describes the overall metabolic impact of insulin in the body?
In what way does insulin influence ketogenesis?
In what way does insulin influence ketogenesis?
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Study Notes
Insulin Secretion
- Beta cells contain glucose transporters facilitating glucose entry.
- Glucose oxidation within beta cells generates ATP, which inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
- Inhibition of potassium channels leads to cell membrane depolarization, opening voltage-gated calcium channels.
- Calcium influx triggers fusion of insulin-containing vesicles with the cell membrane, releasing insulin via exocytosis.
- GLUT4 is the sole glucose transporter stimulated by insulin, residing in vesicles within insulin-sensitive cells.
Insulin Effects on Metabolism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism:
- Increased glucose oxidation by body cells.
- Increased glycogen synthesis, decreased glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis in the liver.
- Increased glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.
- Lipid Metabolism:
- Increased fat storage by adipose tissue cells and the liver.
- Inhibition of lipolysis.
- Inhibition of ketogenesis.
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