Insulin Injections and Delegation

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Questions and Answers

An RN delegates the task of preparing and administering insulin to a PN. Which of the following actions by the PN would require immediate intervention by the RN?

  • The PN aspirates the syringe after injecting air into the modified insulin vial but before injecting air into the unmodified insulin vial. (correct)
  • The PN draws up the unmodified insulin before the modified insulin into the same syringe.
  • The PN verifies the dose of insulin with another nurse before administration.
  • The PN cleanses the tops of the insulin vials with an antiseptic wipe and allows them to dry completely before use.

After drawing up both short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin into one syringe, the nurse notices a small amount of the intermediate-acting insulin contaminating the short-acting insulin vial. What is the most appropriate action?

  • Continue with the injection, making a note in the patient's chart about the vial contamination.
  • Discard both insulin vials and begin with new vials and a new syringe. (correct)
  • Add the contaminated insulin back into the intermediate-acting insulin to ensure no medication loss.
  • Use the contaminated short-acting insulin vial for the next patient, ensuring the correct dose is drawn up.
  • Administer the correctly drawn-up dose to the patient, as the contamination is minimal and won't affect the patient.

A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed both NPH and regular insulin to be administered in the morning. The nurse recalls that mixing insulins involves injecting air into the NPH insulin first, then the regular insulin, followed by withdrawing the regular insulin, and then the NPH insulin. What is the primary rationale for this specific mixing sequence?

  • To ensure accurate measurement of the insulin doses by accounting for displacement.
  • To prevent contamination of the regular insulin with the longer-acting NPH insulin. (correct)
  • To enhance the absorption rate of NPH insulin when administered subcutaneously.
  • To maintain the compatibility of the insulin types, preventing precipitation within the syringe.

A nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled insulin injection to a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse notes that the client's blood glucose level is 68 mg/dL. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

<p>Hold the insulin and administer oral glucose, per facility protocol, then notify the provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is educating a client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus on how to mix regular and NPH insulin. Which statement indicates the client needs further teaching?

<p>I can prepare the syringe in the morning and keep it in the refrigerator for use before dinner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client. After injecting air into both the NPH and regular insulin vials, the nurse withdraws the prescribed amount of regular insulin. While preparing to withdraw the NPH insulin, the nurse accidentally overdraws, resulting in too much NPH insulin in the syringe. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

<p>Discard the syringe and start over with new syringes and insulin vials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client with a known latex allergy. Which intervention is most critical to ensure the client's safety?

<p>Verify that the plunger of the insulin syringe is latex-free. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and is being discharged home after hospitalization has a complex insulin regimen. Which nursing action is most important to ensure the client's ability to self-manage their insulin therapy safely at home?

<p>Observe the client drawing up and administering their own insulin doses, providing feedback and correction as needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is preparing two different types of insulin in one syringe for a client. After injecting air into both vials, the nurse withdraws the short-acting insulin first. What is the rationale for this action?

<p>To ensure the short-acting insulin does not become contaminated with the longer-acting insulin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is administering insulin to a client with diabetes mellitus. Which action demonstrates the nurse's understanding of minimizing the risk of lipohypertrophy?

<p>Rotating injection sites within one anatomical area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a client about administering insulin. Which statement indicates the need for further clarification?

<p>If I don't pinch my skin when injecting, my medicine will go into the muscle instead of fat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a patient. The vial of insulin is labeled '300 units/mL'. The order is for 20 units. Which syringe should the nurse use to measure the correct dose?

<p>A standard 1 mL syringe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is about to administer an insulin injection to a client. After confirming the client's identity and reviewing the MAR, what is the nurse's priority action?

<p>Check the client's current blood glucose level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A registered nurse is teaching a practical nurse (PN) about mixing short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins. Evaluate which of the following actions, if performed by the PN, indicates a need for further teaching?

<p>The PN injects air into the intermediate-acting insulin vial before injecting air into the short-acting insulin vial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important step a nurse can take to prevent infection when preparing insulin for injection?

<p>Wiping the top of the insulin vial with an alcohol swab before piercing it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to administer insulin, the nurse notices the expiration date on the vial has passed. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

<p>Contact the pharmacy to obtain a new vial of insulin with a current expiration date. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to self-administer insulin. Which of the following statements best reflects the nurse's understanding of adult learning principles?

<p>&quot;Let's discuss your past experiences with injections and then tailor the teaching to your needs.&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing an insulin injection for a client and identifies air bubbles in the syringe. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

<p>Expel the air bubbles from the syringe, ensuring not to expel any of the insulin dose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving insulin. Which of the following assessment findings would warrant immediate intervention?

<p>Blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of insulin. Which of the following is the preferred angle of insertion for a client with a thin body build?

<p>45-degree angle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering insulin to a client, which of the following documentation details is MOST important for the nurse to record?

<p>The time the injection was administered and the client's blood glucose level before administration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physician has prescribed a weight-based sliding scale insulin for a client with diabetes. The order reads: “Blood glucose 150-200 mg/dL, administer 2 units lispro (Humalog); 201-250 mg/dL, administer 4 units lispro; 251-300 mg/dL, administer 6 units lispro; 301-350 mg/dL, administer 8 units lispro; >350 mg/dL, call physician.” The patient’s blood sugar is 349 mg/dL. How many units of insulin should the nurse administer?

<p>8 units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions by the nurse is MOST important to ensure client safety after administering insulin?

<p>Ensuring the client has a meal or snack readily available. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin via subcutaneous injection. What is the primary reason for using different anatomical sites?

<p>To prevent lipohypertrophy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client. Which of the following reflects the nurse's understanding of the importance of verifying the dose with another nurse?

<p>Verifying the dose ensures accurate medication administration and client safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who will be self-administering insulin at home. Which of the following instructions is MOST vital to include?

<p>Never adjust the insulin dose without consulting a healthcare provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to receive insulin. Prior to administering the insulin, the nurse notes that the client's blood glucose level is 280 mg/dL. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

<p>Assess the client for signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client. Which of the following actions best demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the importance of proper technique?

<p>Rotating the insulin vial gently, if it is cloudy, before withdrawing the dose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing a client's medication history and notes that the client is taking a beta-blocker medication in addition to insulin. The nurse recognizes that the beta-blocker medication may:

<p>Mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sterile Vial Tops

Aseptic technique ensuring the equipment remains sterile.

Adding Air to Insulin Vials

The vial is a closed system with pressure, so adding equal parts of air to the amount of medication will allow for easy removal of the medication.

Drawing Insulin Order

Drawing up the unmodified insulin into the syringe before drawing up the modified insulin prevents contamination of the unmodified insulin vial.

Needle Recapping

Using the one-handed needle recapping technique reduces the risk of accidental needlesticks.

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Labeling Insulin Vials

Labeling multiuse vials with the date and time they were opened ensures that expired medications are not used.

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Insulin Injections

Injected into the subcutaneous tissue to reduce blood glucose.

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Reviewing Medical Record

Reviewing the client’s medical record allows the nurse to determine the client’s allergies and the presence of any condition or past medical history that could affect the technique or the results.

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Mixing Insulin

Gently rolling the vial mixes the solution.

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Verifying Insulin Dose

Verifying the dose ensures that medications are administered safely.

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Documenting Insulin

As part of the implementation phase of the nursing process, the nurse should document the interventions performed and any findings pertinent to the event.

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Identify the client

Identifying the client according to facility protocol is a safety measure to ensure that the correct procedure is being performed on the correct client.

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Study Notes

  • Clients with diabetes mellitus sometimes require insulin injections to lower blood glucose, administered into the subcutaneous tissue.
  • Nurses may need to draw two types of insulin into one syringe for some prescriptions.

Delegation

  • RNs can delegate insulin preparation and administration to practical nurses (PNs) or advanced practice clinicians.
  • Checking blood glucose levels can be delegated to assistive personnel (AP).
  • AP cannot mix insulin for administration, as it falls outside their scope of practice.

Safety Considerations

  • Check for client allergies to prevent allergic reactions.
  • Verify client identification to ensure the correct procedure is performed on the correct client.
  • Use standard and infection control precautions to prevent transmission of infectious organisms.
  • Review the client’s medical record to prevent complications.

Equipment

  • Nonsterile gloves and other PPE are needed.
  • Facility approved antiseptic wipes are required.
  • Insulin vials.
  • Insulin needle and syringe are needed.

Step-by-Step Guide for Mixing Insulin

  • Step 1: Review the client’s medical record for allergies, medical history, medications, previous vital signs, and lab values.
  • Step 2: Obtain all necessary supplies.
  • Step 3: Provide privacy for the client.
  • Step 4: Introduce yourself to the client.
  • Step 5: Perform hand hygiene and put on appropriate PPE.
  • Step 6: Identify the client using two identifiers.
  • Step 7: Confirm the client’s allergy status.
  • Step 8: Provide client education about the procedure.
  • Step 9: Evaluate the client’s health status, including skin integrity and blood glucose level.
  • Step 10: Remove caps from vials; gently roll suspension insulin (e.g., NPH) to mix.
  • Step 11: Scrub vial tops with antiseptic wipes and allow to dry.
  • Step 12: Draw back air equal to the modified (cloudy) insulin dose.
  • Step 13: Inject air into the modified insulin vial and remove the needle.
  • Step 14: Draw back air equal to the unmodified (clear) insulin dose.
  • Step 15: Inject air into the unmodified insulin vial.
  • Step 16: With the needle still in the unmodified vial, invert and withdraw the prescribed amount of unmodified insulin, remove the needle.
  • Unmodified insulin should be drawn up before modified to prevent contamination.
  • Step 17: Verify the amount of unmodified insulin in the syringe and check for air bubbles.
  • Step 18: Calculate the total units for the full dose.
  • Step 19: Pierce the modified insulin vial with the needle, do not inject medication into vial.
  • insulins should not be mixed in the vial.
  • Step 20: Invert the modified insulin vial and withdraw the prescribed amount of modified insulin, remove the needle.
  • Step 21: Recap the syringe using the one-hand scoop method.
  • Reduces the risk of accidental needlesticks.
  • Step 22: Confirm the total amount of insulin in the syringe matches the prescribed dose.
  • Step 23: Label multidose vials with the date, time opened, and beyond-use date.
  • Step 24: Return any unused medication per facility policy.
  • Step 25: Discuss findings with the client.
  • Step 26: Ensure client safety before leaving the room.

Documentation

  • Document relevant information (date, time, amount used) in the client’s medical record.
  • Accurate documentation allows for immediate access of client data by members of the client’s health care team.

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