Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which insulin is NOT typically administered at home every 12 hours?
Which insulin is NOT typically administered at home every 12 hours?
When administered every 12 hours, which insulin has the greatest likelihood of causing hypoglycemia due to the next dose occurring before the prior dose's effects have ended?
When administered every 12 hours, which insulin has the greatest likelihood of causing hypoglycemia due to the next dose occurring before the prior dose's effects have ended?
Which statement about at-home treatment during a hypoglycemia-induced seizure is correct?
Which statement about at-home treatment during a hypoglycemia-induced seizure is correct?
You are caring for a cat that has been taking another drug for a prior condition unrelated to its new diagnosis today of diabetes mellitus. Which concurrent drug would you be most concerned about in terms of complicating treatment of his new diagnosis?
You are caring for a cat that has been taking another drug for a prior condition unrelated to its new diagnosis today of diabetes mellitus. Which concurrent drug would you be most concerned about in terms of complicating treatment of his new diagnosis?
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Which insulin preparation can be administered IV to affect a rapid response under emergency conditions (e.g., a DKA patient)?
Which insulin preparation can be administered IV to affect a rapid response under emergency conditions (e.g., a DKA patient)?
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Which drug is a teratogen and has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to dermatitis, vasculitis, and blood-cell dyscrasias?
Which drug is a teratogen and has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to dermatitis, vasculitis, and blood-cell dyscrasias?
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Which drug inhibits the formation of functional T3 and T4?
Which drug inhibits the formation of functional T3 and T4?
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Which drug COMMONLY causes adrenocortical cell death?
Which drug COMMONLY causes adrenocortical cell death?
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The primary goal of diabetes mellitus therapy is:
The primary goal of diabetes mellitus therapy is:
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In the pre-work reading from Nelson-Couto, which drug is recommended as a first-choice diabetes mellitus drug in dogs?
In the pre-work reading from Nelson-Couto, which drug is recommended as a first-choice diabetes mellitus drug in dogs?
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What is the treatment of choice for large pituitary tumors?
What is the treatment of choice for large pituitary tumors?
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What medication should be dispensed to patients taking mitotane in case they develop severe adverse effects?
What medication should be dispensed to patients taking mitotane in case they develop severe adverse effects?
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What frequency of dosing has been shown to BEST control clinical signs in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism? (trilostane)
What frequency of dosing has been shown to BEST control clinical signs in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism? (trilostane)
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True or false: Mitotane can cause necrosis of the adrenal cortex but trilostane cannot.
True or false: Mitotane can cause necrosis of the adrenal cortex but trilostane cannot.
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Which antifungal drug inhibits glucocorticoid and androgen synthesis and can be used to treat hyperadrenocorticism?
Which antifungal drug inhibits glucocorticoid and androgen synthesis and can be used to treat hyperadrenocorticism?
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When do you tell the owner to stop administering mitotane during the induction phase?
When do you tell the owner to stop administering mitotane during the induction phase?
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True or false: Compounded trilostane is equivalent to the brand name trilostane product, Vetoryl, and can be used interchangeably to save the client money.
True or false: Compounded trilostane is equivalent to the brand name trilostane product, Vetoryl, and can be used interchangeably to save the client money.
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What medication is most commonly used to treat hyperadrenocorticism in cats
What medication is most commonly used to treat hyperadrenocorticism in cats
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If a dog with a functional adrenal tumor is not a surgical candidate, what is the treatment of choice?
If a dog with a functional adrenal tumor is not a surgical candidate, what is the treatment of choice?
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A ferret is hospitalized for hypoglycemia, intermittent ataxia, lethargy and tremors. You suspect insulinoma as the top differential for this ferret. Which treatment is the preferred choice for ferrets with insulinomas?
A ferret is hospitalized for hypoglycemia, intermittent ataxia, lethargy and tremors. You suspect insulinoma as the top differential for this ferret. Which treatment is the preferred choice for ferrets with insulinomas?
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In general, which describes the best nutritional recommendation for diabetic dogs?
In general, which describes the best nutritional recommendation for diabetic dogs?
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What does a spot blood glucose of 356 in a diabetic dog indicate, regarding how well the diabetes is regulated?
What does a spot blood glucose of 356 in a diabetic dog indicate, regarding how well the diabetes is regulated?
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What is the most important manageable risk factor for diabetes mellitus in cats?
What is the most important manageable risk factor for diabetes mellitus in cats?
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What is the foundation of treatment for diabetic dogs?
What is the foundation of treatment for diabetic dogs?
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How does exercise affect blood glucose?
How does exercise affect blood glucose?
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Which clinical sign is an indication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?
Which clinical sign is an indication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?
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What does diabetic remission mean?
What does diabetic remission mean?
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What is the most important complication associated with insulin therapy?
What is the most important complication associated with insulin therapy?
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True or false: Regarding insulin dosing, it is always better to error on the side of giving too low of a dose rather than too high of a dose.
True or false: Regarding insulin dosing, it is always better to error on the side of giving too low of a dose rather than too high of a dose.
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Which nutritional recommendation describes the best option for diabetic cats?
Which nutritional recommendation describes the best option for diabetic cats?
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Study Notes
Insulin Administration
- NPH insulin is NOT typically administered at home every 12 hours.
- NPH insulin has the greatest likelihood of causing hypoglycemia due to the next dose occurring before the prior dose's effects have ended.
Hypoglycemia-Induced Seizure
- During a hypoglycemia-induced seizure, at-home treatment involves providing glucose orally or intravenously, without attempting to restrain the patient.
Concurrent Medications
- Concurrent administration of beta blockers with insulin can complicate treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Insulin Preparations
- Regular insulin can be administered IV to affect a rapid response under emergency conditions (e.g., a DKA patient).
Teratogenic Drugs
- Streptozotocin is a teratogen and has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to dermatitis, vasculitis, and blood-cell dyscrasias.
Thyroid Inhibitors
- Methimazole inhibits the formation of functional T3 and T4.
Adrenocortical Death
- Mitotane commonly causes adrenocortical cell death.
Diabetes Mellitus Therapy
- The primary goal of diabetes mellitus therapy is to control blood glucose, alleviate clinical signs, and prevent complications.
Canine Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin is the first-choice diabetes mellitus drug in dogs.
Pituitary Tumors
- The treatment of choice for large pituitary tumors is surgical removal.
Mitotane Therapy
- Hydrocortisone should be dispensed to patients taking mitotane in case they develop severe adverse effects.
- The owner should be instructed to stop administering mitotane during the induction phase when the patient's clinical signs resolve or improve.
Hyperadrenocorticism
- Trilostane is used to treat hyperadrenocorticism.
- Twice daily dosing of trilostane has been shown to best control clinical signs in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.
Antifungal Drugs
- Ketoconazole inhibits glucocorticoid and androgen synthesis and can be used to treat hyperadrenocorticism.
Feline Diabetes Mellitus
- Glipizide is the most commonly used medication to treat hyperadrenocorticism in cats.
Insulinoma
- Streptozotocin is the preferred treatment choice for ferrets with insulinomas.
Nutritional Recommendations
- The best nutritional recommendation for diabetic dogs is to feed a high-fiber, low-fat diet.
- The foundation of treatment for diabetic dogs is diet.
- Exercise decreases blood glucose.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
- A spot blood glucose of 356 in a diabetic dog indicates poorly regulated diabetes.
Diabetic Remission
- Diabetic remission means the absence of clinical signs of diabetes mellitus, with normal blood glucose levels, without insulin therapy.
Complications of Insulin Therapy
- Hypoglycemia is the most important complication associated with insulin therapy.
- It is better to err on the side of giving too low of an insulin dose rather than too high of a dose.
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Week 5 iRATs
