Pharm Exam 3 Study guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical onset time for regular insulin?

5–15 minutes

12–30 minutes

30–60 minutes (correct)

2–4 hours

Which insulin type has the shortest duration of action?

Long-acting insulin

Rapid-acting insulin analogs

Regular insulin

Ultra short-acting insulin (correct)

What is the peak time for rapid-acting insulin analogs?

4–6 hours

5–10 hours

1–2 hours (correct)

2–4 hours

Which of the following insulin types has a peak effect of 2 to 4 hours?

Regular Human Insulin Signup and view all the answers

In addition to treating erectile dysfunction, what other medical use does Sildenafil have?

Hypertension treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Tamoxifen?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily used for the treatment of BPH?

Finasteride Signup and view all the answers

What should patients taking chemotherapy with Fluorouracil be aware of regarding side effects?

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a nursing consideration for a patient receiving chemotherapy?

Administer antipyretics as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Metformin in the treatment of diabetes?

Decrease hepatic glucose production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with Estradiol?

Blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using Clomiphene citrate for infertility?

Produces more than one egg release Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing practice for patients undergoing cancer pharmacotherapy?

Promote oral hygiene to prevent oral thrush Signup and view all the answers

How is regular insulin is the only insulin that can be administered this route

Intravenously Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly recognized side effect of Medroxyprogesterone?

Breast tenderness and spotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time for insulin glulisine?

15-30 min Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using Metformin?

It does not cause hypoglycemia. Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin type can be mixed with NPH without contraindications?

Insulin aspart Signup and view all the answers

What common side effect is associated with sulfonylureas?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action for insulin regular?

5-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is primarily used to treat hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of antitumor antibiotics like doxorubicin?

Cardiotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

When should insulin isophane be administered in relation to meals?

30 minutes before the first meal of the day Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for sulfonylureas?

Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What dosing schedule is common for insulin degludec?

Once daily at any time of day Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is used to decrease glucose production in the liver?

Metformin Signup and view all the answers

How should insulin lispro be administered in relation to meals?

15-30 minutes before a meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak action time for insulin detemir?

No peak Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is typically treated using Ozempic?

Type 2 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Insulin Administration and Patient Education

Insulin types vary in onset, peak, and duration.
Rapid-acting insulins (e.g., lispro, aspart, glulisine) have a rapid onset (5-15 minutes), a short peak (1-2 hours), and a shorter duration (4-6 hours), compared to regular insulin which has an onset of 30–60 minutes, peak is 2–4 hours, and duration is 5–8 hours.
Long-acting insulins (e.g., glargine, detemir, degludec) have a slow onset (1.5-1.6 hours), no pronounced peak, and a prolonged duration (up to 42 hours), allowing for once-daily dosing.
Regular insulin is the only type that can be administered intravenously.
Insulin doses affect onset, peak, and duration; larger doses generally lead to faster onset and longer duration.
Always consider the specific type of insulin when planning administration times relative to meals, and potential drug interactions when mixing different types.
Patient teaching should emphasize the importance of proper administration techniques, timing of administration relative to meals, and recognition of symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

Other Antidiabetic Medications

Sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide, glyburide): stimulate insulin release and increase insulin sensitivity; common adverse effect is hypoglycemia.
Metformin (Biguanide): decreases hepatic glucose production and insulin resistance, does not stimulate insulin release, and is less likely to cause hypoglycemia; often the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., Ozempic, Wegovy, Exenatide, Liraglutide): slow gastric emptying, increase insulin secretion, and reduce appetite; administered as injections; potential side effect of pancreatitis.

Thyroid Medications

Hypothyroidism: Treated with levothyroxine (Synthroid), which must be administered in the morning. Dosage should be titrated carefully in older adults to minimize coronary syndromes.
Hyperthyroidism: Treatment aims to reduce thyroid activity using medications such as propylthiouracil (PTU) and sodium iodide (Lugol's solution).

Cancer Medications

Antimetabolites: Drugs that block the metabolic pathways of cancer cells, preventing their division and growth (e.g., fluorouracil). These drugs require nursing vigilance during administration and post-admin.
Antitumor Antibiotics: Medications that kill cancer cells or inhibit their growth (e.g., doxorubicin). These often have significant cardiotoxicity, necessitating careful monitoring of cardiac status.
Alkylating Agents: Drugs that disrupt DNA replication, used for slow-growing cancers (e.g., cyclophosphamide). Important to monitor for immunosuppression, myelosuppression, and other adverse events.
Nursing considerations related to chemotherapy regimens include close monitoring for adverse effects, which may include nausea, vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, alopecia, photosensitivity, cardiotoxicity, persistent hiccups, and mood disorders. Support fluids, nutrition, and oral hygiene are critical nursing interventions.
Other cancer-related considerations: Avoid antipyretics unless prescribed by an oncologist and encourage patient practices that support immune function (e.g., temperature monitoring, hygiene, avoiding crowds).

Other Medications

Tamoxifen: Used in breast cancer treatment, blocks estrogen receptors. Can increase risk of endometrial cancer.
Estradiol: Used for menopause symptoms, osteoporosis prevention, and certain cancers. Increased risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack.
Progestins: Used for abnormal menstruation, irregular bleeding, and uterine lining overgrowth. Potential side effects include breast tenderness, menstrual flow changes, and acne.
Finasteride: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Sildenafil: Used for erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary hypertension.
Clomiphene citrate: Used for infertility; can result in multiple pregnancies.
Oxytocin: Used to induce labor and control post-partum bleeding.
Tocolytics: Used to slow labor or prevent preterm labor.
Magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, ritodrine, albuterol: used for specific aspects of pregnancy or labor management.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts of insulin types, including their onset, peak, and duration. Understand the differences between rapid, regular, and long-acting insulins for effective patient education and administration. It's crucial to teach proper techniques and consider drug interactions during insulin therapy.