Instrumentation and Measurement Concepts: Types of Errors
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What is the definition of accuracy in the context of instrumentation?

  • The intrinsic error introduced by the instrument itself
  • The ability of the instrument to detect small variations in the signal
  • The closeness of the instrument reading to the true value of the measured variable (correct)
  • The maximum possible error in the measurement result

    • How is accuracy determined in an instrument?

  • By assessing the observer's handling of the instrument
  • By comparing the result to a standard measurement (correct)
  • By measuring the variation of the signal being observed
  • By experimenting with different measurement systems

    • What factors affect the accuracy of a measured signal?

  • Resolution, sensitivity, lag, and noise
  • Variation in local conditions, observer errors, signal accumulation, and compensation methods
  • Parallax errors, estimation errors, loading effect, and mechanical problems
  • Intrinsic accuracy of the instrument, observer's accuracy, signal variation, and true value determination (correct)

    • What are observational errors in instrumentation related to?

    <p>Errors introduced by the observer during measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of errors are random errors in measurements?

    <p>Accumulation of small effects over multiple measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it almost impossible to determine experimentally the true value in measurements?

    <p>Due to loading effect, lags, and mechanical problems in instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an absolute instrument?

    <p>Galvanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the measured value of a capacitor is 205.3 μF and its true value is 201.4 μF, what is the relative error?

    <p>1.94%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the measured value of a power is 25.34 watts and the absolute error is -0.11 watts, what is the true value of the power?

    <p>25.45 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If three resistors with values R1 = 47 Ω ± 4%, R2 = 65 Ω ± 4%, and R3 = 55 Ω ± 4% are connected in series, what is the magnitude of the limiting error in ohms?

    <p>167 Ω</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If three resistors with values R1 = 47 Ω ± 4%, R2 = 65 Ω ± 4%, and R3 = 55 Ω ± 4% are connected in series, what is the limiting error in percentage?

    <p>7.19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute error if the measured value of a resistance is 10.25 Ω and the true value is 10.22 Ω?

    <p>0.03 Ω</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of systematic error?

    <p>Gross errors caused by human mistakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST way to avoid instrumental errors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about environmental errors is NOT true?

    <p>Environmental errors are caused by human mistakes in reading or recording measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between gross errors and systematic errors?

    <p>Gross errors are caused by human mistakes, while systematic errors are caused by instrumental or environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a measuring instrument is subjected to high temperature and humidity, what type of error is most likely to occur?

    <p>Systematic error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the BEST way to reduce or eliminate environmental errors in measurements?

    <p>Use the measuring instrument in the same atmospheric conditions in which it was assembled and calibrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

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